3Nakashima T, Hattori N, Okimoto M, t al. Nicergoline improves dysphagia by upregulating substance P in the elderly [J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2011, 90 (4): 279-283.
4Terpenning M. Geriatric oral health and pneumonia risk [J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2005, 40 (12): 1807-1810.
5Maselli DJ, Restrepo MI. Strategies in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia [J]. Ther Adv Respir Dis, 2011, 5 (2): 131-141.
6Marumo K, Homma S. Role ofgastro-esophageal reflux (GER) and swallowing latency in aspiration pulmonary diseases [J]. Ni- hon Kokyuld Gakkai Zasshi, 2005, 43 (6): 333-339.
7van der Maarel-Wierink CD, Vanobbergen JN, Bronk.horst EM, et al. Risk factors for aspiration pneumonia in flail older people: a systematic literature review [J]. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2011, 12 (5): 344-354.
8Kikawada M, Iwamoto T, Takasaki M. Aspiration and infection in the elderly epidemiology, diagnosis and management [J]. Drugs Aging, 2005, 22 (2): 115-130.
9YoneyamaT, YoshidaM, OhruiT, etal. Oralcarereduces pneumonia in older patients in nursing home [J]. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2002, 50 (3): 430-433.
10Watando A, Ebihara S, Ebihara T, etal. Daily oral care and cough reflex seasitivity in elderly nursing home patients [J]. Chest, 2004, 126 (4): 1066-1070.
5Mehta RL, Kellum JA, Shah SV,et al. Acute Kidney Inju- ry Network:report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury[ J]. Crit Care,2007,11 (2) :31.
6Kdigo Clinical Practice Guuideline for Acute Kidney Inju- ry. Section 2 : AKI Definition [ J ]. Kidney International Supplements,2012,2( 1 ) : 19-36.
7Redfors B, Bragadottir G, Sellgren J, et al. Effects of nor- epinephrine on renal perfusion, filtration and oxygenation in vasodilatory shock and acute kidney injury [ J ]. Inten- sive Care Med,2011,37(1) :60-67.
8Wooley JA, Btaiche IF, Good KL. Metabolic and nutrition- al aspects of acute renal failure in critically ill patients re- quiring continuous renal replacement therapy [ J ]. Nutr Clin Pract,2005,20(2) :176-191.
9Murphy F, Byme G. The role of the nursein the manage- ment of acute kidney injury [ J ]. Br J Nurs,201 O, 19 ( 3 ) : 146-152.
10Kawashima K, Motohashi Y, Fujishima I. Prevalence of dysphagia among coimnunity-dwelling elderly individuals as es- timated using a questionnaire for dysphagia screening [J]. Dys- phagia, 2004, 19 (4): 266-271.
