1Poggio P M, lncorvati C, Velo S, et al, "Safe zones": a guide for miniscrew positioning in the maxillary and mandibular arch [J] . Angle Orthod, 2006, 76: 191-197.
3Meyer U, Joos U, Mythili J, et al. Ultrastructural characterization of the implant/bone interface of immediately loaded dental im- plants[J] . Biomaterials, 2004, 25 (10): 1959-1967.
5Uemura M, Motoyoshi M, Yano S, et al. Orthodontic mini-im- plant stability and the ratio of pilot hole implant diameter [J]. Eur J Orthod,2012,34( 1 ) :52-56.
6Park HS, Jeong SH, Kwon OW. Factors affecting the clinical success of screw implants used as orthodontic anchorage [J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2006,130( 1 ) : 18-25.
7Gary JB, Steen ME, King GJ, et al. Studies on the efficacy of im- plants as orthodontic anchorage [J]. Am J Orthod, 1983, 83 (4):311-317.
8Park HS. The skeletal cortical anchorage using titanium micro- screw implants [ J ]. Korean J Orthod, 1999,29 : 699-706.
9Roberts WE, Smith RK, Ziberman , et al. Osseous adaptation to continuous loading of rigid endosseous implants [J]. Am J Orthod, 1984,86(2) :95-111.
10Deguchi T, Takano-Yamamoto T, Kanomi R, et al. The use of small titanium screws for orthodontic anchorage [J]. J Dent IRes, 2003,82 (5) : 377-381.