摘要
亚洲金融危机以来,产业政策在中国政府宏观经济调控中的地位与作用发生了较大变化。产业政策由着眼于结构调节、技术进步、产业组织调节等方面的中长期政策,逐步进入经济运行宏观调节领域,成为与财政政策、货币政策并列的政府推动经济发展,进行经济宏观调控的重要政策。财政政策、货币政策、产业政策三大政策并用,成为中国政府推动经济发展,管理经济的重要特征。本文对这一中国政府经济宏观调节特征,进行了初步的基于经验、历史与理论的分析,并且对中国政府这种调节方式的局限进行了初步论述。
Since 1990s, industrial policy has become an important means of macroeconomic regulation and control, along with fiscal policy and monetary policy, for the government to stimulate economic growth. Fiscal policy, monetary policy, and industrial policy, the combination of the three big policies has been an important feature of Chinese government＇ s economic management for further economic development. Since Asian financial crisis, fiscal policy, monetary policy, and industrial policy have been used by the Chinese government to confront the impact of economic crisis and formulate economic regulations, they have been important features of Chinese government in regulating the country＇ s macro economy; industrial policy is changing into a policy tool to confront excessive economic fluctuation in short term and regulate economic cycle from a policy tool that adjusts middle and long term economic structure and industrial structure; though industrial policy is widely used to manage economic growth structure and level, to confront economic crises it can also stimulate the economic demands like the fiscal and monetary policy do, this is not the key points and objectives of industrial policy in normal sense; industrial policy, as a policy that curbs economic crisis and stimulates economic growth, its key goals are infrastructure region and strategic industries, while it stimulates the aggregate demand, it takes into account the future industry development, as well as enhancement of international competition capability. An economic macro regulation mode that combines industrial policy, fiscal policy and monetary policy will favor selective regulation and control during peak and bottom point of an economic cycle. For different industries, use different industrial policies, to avoid the dominance of planning and administrative means which existed for middle and long term regulation under the planned economy system, like ＂cut everything with one knife ＂, which the root cause leads to big economic fluctuation, that＇ s also why we kept a relatively steady growth during the later years of 1990s. The Chinese government adopts fiscal, monetary and industrial policy together for economic macro regulation, this has its advantage, as restricted by the Chinese economic system and mechanism, we also need to give sufficient attention to its weakness; We need to sum up our experience for constant improving. There are some issues worthy of attention for industrial policy ： first of all, the primary target of industrial policy should be changed to confront economic distress, to guarantee the short-term goal of economic growth, it contradicts the objective of industrial restructuring and shift economic growth approach and so on middle and long term goals; how to keep a balance between stimulate the economy and keep industrial restructuring intact, no surplus capacity will happen, these are the principal issues for using the industrial policy. Second, to implement the industrial policy during a crisis time, can easily lead to a situation where the interested parties compete with each other in a progressive manner to obtain government finance resources and seek for finance resource through government, at the same time, as it is a quick decision, which is possible lead to resources waste. Third, how to judge accurately which industries and products are worthy of support, this is a big challenge for the central government. Industrial policy error may lead to that the financial resources goes to the wrong direction, once this happened, the impact can be huge. Fourth, as our main industries have been globalized, if we grant support without further analysis, the beneficiary can be somebody else but not the local enterprise. In conclusion, excessive use of industrial policy, can lead to improper use of executive power and further corruption and inefficiency issues.
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第8期1-10,共10页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
中国社会科学院重点课题"21世纪初中国产业政策变动趋势"(YZDN)
关键词
财政政策
货币政策
产业政策
宏观调控
fiscal policy
monetary policy
industrial policy
macro-control
