摘要
25种农作物及蔬菜种子在液氮中贮存12个月,除苦瓜种子是一种不耐冷贮存的种子外,其它种子的发芽率均比在室温(30±2℃)下贮存的种子高。花生,芝麻等油类种子先后经0～5℃5天和-15℃5天逐步预冷后贮入液氮,比不经预冷直接贮入液氮,其萌发效果要好些。而大多数农作物及蔬菜种子则直接贮入液氮中萌发效果更好。种子含水量太高或太低均不利于在液氮中贮存。花生种子在液氮中贮存的最适含水量为6.8～7.4％、绿豆种子为12.6～13.4％、豌豆种子为13～14％、大豆种子为10.4～10.6％。
Seeds of 25 spp.were stored in liquid nitrogen(LN_2)for 12 months.Except the seed of Momordica charantia(balsampear),seeds of all species investigated have higher germination percentage when they were stored in LN_2 than that stored at room temperature.However,when the seeds of balsampear were stored in LN_2 for 30 days,the germination percentage became zero,whereas their viability was maintained around 95% at room temperature for 12 months. Seeds of 17 species were used to detect the effect of sudden freezing on vi- ability and vigour.All seeds,except Arachis hypogaea and Sesamum indicum seeds can tolerate sudden freezing by putting them directly in LN_2.As to seeds of Sesa- mum and Arachis,the gradual reduction in temperature(0～5℃ for 5 days,and -15℃ for 5 days)was necessary. If the seed moisture was high,such as 31-41% for mung bean,22-28% for pea- nut,31-50% for pea,and 20-47% for soybean,the germination percentage of seed stored in LN_2 for 2 days will be very low.As the seed moisture decreased,the viability of seeds increased.The optimum seed moisture for storage in LN_2 was as follows:6.8-7.4% for peanut,12.6-13.4% for mung bean,13-14% for pea and 10.4-10.6% for soybean.When the seed moisture decreased continuously,both of germination percentage and potential growth decreased.
出处
《中山大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
1990年第3期115-121,共7页
Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni
关键词
农作物
蔬菜
种子
超低温贮存
贮存
cryopreservation
crop
vegetable
seed
liquid nitrogen
germination
vigour viability
