摘要
我国有部分民法学者否认公平为民法基本原则,但基于"正义在近代以降的人类德性体系中居立核心地位"、"市民社会提供了私法正义发生的环境与舞台"、"私法正义具有无法为公法正义所取代的独特性"、"民法中的公平并非重复宣示法的一般价值"、"一些大陆法系国家承认公平为民法基本原则"等考虑,公平足以充任民法基本原则。公平原则意指在民事生活领域,应使"各人得其应得"的观念求取最大程度的实现。公平原则表现为交换正义、归属正义、矫正正义与分配正义等具体类型,而它们又各自透过一些具体的民法制度加以实践。民法上的公平一般具有程序性、形式性的品性,诉诸客观等值标准的显失公平、情势变更、违约金增减、瑕疵担保责任等,以及旨在实践分配正义的民事权利能力、无过错责任、公平损失分担、抛掷物致害责任等制度具有实质性或结果性,在民法中居于例外地位。
Some scholars deny that fairness exists as one of fundamental principles in Chinese civil law.This article doesn't agree on this point for the following reasons that justice is the core of modern virtue system,civil society provides social surroundings for private justice,and private justice has a distinctive character of its own.The author indicates that the principle of fairness which means that the idea of 'suum cuique' should be realized in civil field and be regarded as the fundamental principle.Fairness appears by different concrete types like commutative justice,attributive justice,corrective justice,distributive justice,etc.Every type is practiced by specific civil rules.In civil law,fairness is procedural and formal,so rules which are governed by objective value standard appear just as exceptions for reason that they are substantial and end-oriented,like rules of capacity for civil right,obviously unfair juristic act,the judgment of validity of standard terms,clausula rebus sic stantibus,the increase and decrease of liquidated damages,the liability about warranty of defects,non-fault liability,equitable liability,etc.
出处
《法学家》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第4期54-73,177-178,共20页
The Jurist
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(07CFX018)
中国政法大学青年教师学术创新团队资助项目的成果之一
关键词
民法公平原则
民法基本原则
交换正义
矫正正义
形式性
Fairness Principle
Fundamental Principle
Commutative Justice
Corrective Justice
Formal
