摘要
基于自然降雨条件下夏季作物生长期的野外田间试验,探讨施肥和追肥对作物产量和不同形态氮素径流流失的影响。结果表明,当季不施肥对玉米产量的影响较小,分别明显减少了19.7%和30.4%的玉米总氮径流浓度和流失量;不施肥减少了棉花的产量及径流硝态氮、可溶性氮与总氮的浓度和硝态氮流失量。增加追肥对玉米和棉花的作物产量影响都不明显,却增加了两者的径流硝态氮、可溶性氮和总氮的浓度。与施底肥相比,增加追肥分别提高了69.9%,88.9%和46.2%的玉米硝态氮、可溶性氮和总氮浓度,棉花的相应氮素浓度则分别提高了25.5%,31.8%和37.1%。故在淮北地区土壤和气候条件下,玉米和棉花不追肥及适当减少玉米施肥量既不会使作物减产,又能减少农业土壤氮素随地表径流的流失。
Crop yields and runoff nitrogen losses from corn and cotton as affected by fertilization modes were evaluated under natural rainfall. Three fertilization modes, non-fertilizer, base fertilizer（CK） and base fertilizer＋ side-dressing 2 months after crop planting were investigated for corn and soybean. There were no obvious differences of corn yield between CK and non-fertilizer and of corn and cotton yields between CK and side- dressing. Compared with the CK, non-fertilization reduced runoff total nitrogen（TN） concentration and loss of 19.7% and 30.4~, respectively, for corn~ for cotton, non-fertilization reduced runoff nitrate loss and concentrations of nitrate, dissolved nitrogen（DN） and TN. Concentrations of nitrate, DN and TN in runoff of side-dressing treatment were increased by 69.9%, 88.9%, and 46.2% for corn, and 25.5%, 31.8%, and 37.1% for cotton, respectively, compared with base fertilizer treatment. Therefore, to reduce corn fertiliza- tion rates and no side-dressing for corn and cotton appears to be a practical mode for reducing runoff nitrogen loss and maintain crop yield in Huaibei plain.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第4期64-68,共5页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(50639040
50739003)
水利部公益性行业专项(201201002)
关键词
径流
氮素
施肥
追肥
产量
runoff
nitrogen
fertilization
side-dressing
yield
