摘要
河流水质在较大程度上受城市非点源污染的影响,因此,有必要对城市非点源污染特征和负荷进行研究。2010-2011年,对西安市主城区不同类型小区的降雨径流进行了水质监测。根据监测结果,进行了西安市地表径流污染特征分析,计算了2010年(一般年)主城区的非点源污染负荷。结果表明:在降雨产流前20分钟径流中污染物浓度最高,随着降雨历时的延长,污染物浓度呈逐渐下降趋势,交通区径流中污染物浓度波动幅度最小,居住区污染物浓度波动幅度最大,交通区SS、COD、重金属平均浓度值最大,商业区NH3-N、TN、TP平均浓度值最大;浓度法、监测降雨量占年降雨量的比例估算法在城市非点源污染负荷估算中具有较好的可靠性,根据每个功能区的平均浓度和对应的地表径流量计算相应负荷量后加和的方法与使用所有功能区综合平均浓度和地表径流总量直接计算总负荷量的方法结果符合较好;西安市主城区2010年SS、COD、NH3-N、TN、TP、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr的非点源污染负荷量分别为12958.482 t、3444.187 t、141.895 t、231.367 t、7.492 t、0.943 t、4.294 t、2.193 t、1.066 t和1.440t。交通区各污染物输出系数最大,绿地输出系数最小。
River water quality is heavily impacted by urban non-point source pollution （NSP） and study of characteristics and loading of urban NSP is crucial to water quality control. We monitored the water quality at different runoff plots in the main urban areas of Xi＇an city in 2010 and 2011, and calculated the NSP loadings of the same areas for 2010 （normal year）. The results indicate that NSP concentrations were the highest in the initial 20 minutes of each surface runoff process and they were decreasing as rainfall continued. The variations of NSP concentration are the smallest in traffic zones and the greatest in residential zones. In traffic zones, mean concentrations of suspended solid （SS）, chemical oxygen demand （COD） and heavy metal were the highest, while in business zones, mean concentrations of ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N） , total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） were the highest. Second, the estimations by concentration method and method of monitored rainfall proportion in total rainfall, agree well with each other, indicating that these methods are reliable and applicable to urban NSP loading. In estimating this loading, we found two good methods that verify each other, one summing up each functional zone＇ loadings calculated using mean concentration and surface runoff, the other using a comprehensive mean concentration and total surface runoff of the city fordirect calculation. Third, calculations of the main urban areas in 2010 show that the NSP loadings of SS, COD,NH3-N,TN,TP,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd and Cr were 12958.5 tons, 3444.2 tons, 141.9 tons, 231.4 tons, 7.5 tons, 0.94 tons, 4.3 tons, 2.2 tons, 1.1 tons and 1.4 tons, respectively. Pollutant export coefficients of traffic zones were the highest, and the ones of green lands the lowest.
出处
《水力发电学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第4期131-138,共8页
Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(50909080)
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07317-004-001)
中国博士后科学基金(20100481353)
陕西省教育厅计划项目(11JK0753)
关键词
水环境
非点源污染
监测
西安市
特性
负荷
water environment
non-point source pollution
monitor
Xi＇an city
characteristics
loading
