摘要
目的测评中国3个城市居民健康素养水平并分析其相关因素。方法2011年5—12月于北京、大同、深圳3个城市采用多阶段整群抽样方法,确定3300名研究对象,对其采用自行设计的问卷进行调查,问卷内容包括人口学特征、健康知识、健康素养3个部分。对调查对象的健康素养水平按人口学特征进行统计学描述,并参考文化程度进行等级划分。应用多重线性回归模型分析,以健康素养得分为应变量、调查对象的人口学特征及健康知识为自变量建立线性回归模型,以探索健康素养的相关因素。结果共发放问卷3300份,收回有效问卷3000份,有效应答率为90.9%。研究对象年龄为(31.6±12.0)(15~65)岁,其健康素养得分为(19.9±5.2)(2~28)分,平均正确率为71.1%(19.9/28)。低(〈20.5分)、中(20.5~24.5分)、高(〉24.5分)健康素养者所占比例分别为46.6%(1398/3000)、33.1%(993/3000)和20.3%(609/3000)。经多重线性回归模型分析得出健康素养的正相关因素包括健康知识(β=0.28)、文化程度(β=0.28)、收入(β=0.14)、性别(β=0.05)、民族(β=0.05)、户籍(β=0.05)(P值均〈0.05),负相关因素包括年龄(β=-0.28)和职业(β=-0.05)(P值均〈0.05)。结论3个城市50%以上的居民具备中等以上的健康素养,其正相关因素包括健康知识、文化程度、收入、性别、民族、户籍;负相关因素包括年龄和职业。
Objective To measure, evaluate health literacy and discover its relative factors among residents of three cities in China. Methods Multiple cluster sampling was employed and 3300 respondents were surveyed by self-designed questionnaires in Beijing, Datong and Shenzhen city during May to September in 2011. Information on demographic characteristics, health knowledge and health literacy was collected. Respondents' health literacy scores were statistically reported and evaluated referring to education level. To explore relative factors of health literacy, multiple linear regression model with score of health literacy as dependent variable, respondents' demographic characteristics and health knowledge as independent variables was built by muhiple linear regression analysis. Results Questionnaires were conducted among 3300 residents and resulted in 90. 9% (3000±300) qualified sample return. Respondents were ( 31.6 ±12.0) ( 15 - 65 ) years old, who got ( 19. 92 ±5.17 ) ( 2 - 28 ) scores in the health literacy test with an average correct rate of 71.1%. The proportion of subjects with low ( 〈20.5 grades) , medium (20. 5 - 24. 5 grades), and high ( 〉 24. 5 grades) level of health literacy were 46. 6% ( 1398/000), 33.1% (993/000) and 20. 3% (609/000) respectively. The multiple linear regression model showed that positive correlation factors of health literacy included health knowledge(β = O. 28 ), education levd(β = 0. 28 ) , income (β = 0. 14 ) , gender (β = 0. 05 ) , nationality (β = 0. 05 ) , registered permanent residence (β = 0. 05 ) (all P values 〈 0. 05 ) and the negative correlated factors included age (β = -0. 28 ), occupation (β = -0. 05), respectively ( all P values 〈 0. 05). Conclusion Over 50% residents in the three studied cities had medium and above health literacy. The positive correlated factors of health literacy included health knowledge, education level, income, gender, nationality, registered permanent residence and the negative correlated factors included age and occupation.
出处
《中华预防医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第9期822-824,共3页
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine
基金
基金项目:中美新发、再发传染病项目(5U2GGHH000018-02)
关键词
健康素养
问卷调查
线性模型
Health literacy
Questionnaires
Linear models