摘要
目的了解平顶山市百日咳发病流行规律,为有效防控百日咳提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析,对平顶山市法定传染病报告系统和近年对百日咳疫情监测资料进行分析,对百日咳的时间分布、疫苗效果等进行比较。结果自实施计划免疫以后,百日咳发病率和死亡率大幅度下降,年均发病率由20世纪60～70年代的93.08/10万降至目前的1/10万以下;流行范围逐步缩小,春夏为高发季节,主要集中在5～8月份,病例10岁以下儿童共88例,占病例总数的98.88%,主要集中在7岁以下的为57例,占64.05%。城市高于农村,两者发病率差异有统计学意义。女性多于男性。职业以散居、托幼儿童为主,占发病总人数的57.30%;其次为学生,占41.58%。结论防治百日咳应进一步提高和保持高水平的百白破混合制剂常规免疫接种率,控制局部地区的爆发,并加强监测和传染源的管理。
Objective The study was designed to understand the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis and explore strategies for the prevention in Pingdingshan. Methods Descriptive epidemiologieal methods were used to analyse pertus-sis data of legal infectious diseases system and monitoring data. Results With the carrying out of immunity plan, the morbidity and mortality of pertussis have descended considerably. The annual morbidity was 93.08/100 000 in the 1960s and 1970s. At present, the annual morbidity has been below 1/100 000. With the reduction of epidemic strength, the peri-od from May to August was the high-occurrence season. 88 cases were the children under the age of 10, accounting for 98. 88% , and 57 cases were the children under the age of 7, accounting for 64.05%. There was significant difference in the morbidity between the urban and rural area, and the morbidity was higher in rural area. The morbidity of female was higher compared with male. Scattered children and pupils contributed the most to caseload, accounting for 57.30%, followed by school students, accounting for 41.58%. Conclusion DPT combined vaccine routine immunization rate should be im- proved in further, effective measures should be taken to prevent outbreak, and epidemic monitoring and management of in- fectious sources should be strengthened.
出处
《微生物学免疫学进展》
2012年第4期45-49,共5页
Progress In Microbiology and Immunology
关键词
百日咳
流行特征
分析
Pertussis
Epidemiological characteristics
Analysis
