摘要
目的掌握全国碘盐普及状况及重点地区的非碘盐冲销情况，为完善碘缺乏病防治策略提供可靠依据。方法2010年，按照《全国碘缺乏病监测方案（试行）》（以下简称《方案》）的要求，在全国31个省份以县为单位、新疆生产建设兵团以师为单位进行碘盐监测。所辖有9个以上乡（镇、街道办事处）的县（市、区、旗），按东、西、南、北、中划分5个片区，采用单纯随机抽样的方法抽取9个乡（镇、街道办事处），在每个乡（镇、街道办事处）抽取4个行政村（居委会），在每个行政村（居委会）抽8户居民。所辖有9个或不足9个乡（镇、街道办事处）的县（市、区、旗），按东、西、南、北、中划分5个抽样片区，在每个片区各抽取1个乡（镇、街道办事处），在每个乡（镇、街道办事处）抽取4个行政村（居委会），在每个行政村（居委会）抽15户居民。采集居民家中食用盐样，先进行现场半定量检测，再进行实验室定量测定。计算和分析各省居民碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率、和合格碘盐食用率。碘盐检测采用直接滴定法，川I盐、强化盐和不确定的非碘盐采用仲裁法定量测定（GB／T13025．7—1999）。合格碘盐判定标准为：盐含碘量在（35±15）mg／kg（20～50mg／kg）；非碘盐判定标准：盐含碘量〈5mg／kg。结果2010年全国共有2862个县（区、市、旗）及新疆生产建设兵团的14个师上报了监测结果，监测覆盖率为99．79％（2876／2882）。共监测826696户居民家中食用盐，经人口加权，全国居民碘盐覆盖率为98．63％，碘盐合格率为97．95％，合格碘盐食用率为96．63％。在省级水平，只有西藏的碘盐覆盖率〈90％；合格碘盐食用率〈90％的有西藏和上海2个省（区）。在县级水平，全国共有2755个县级单位（包括新疆生产建设兵团师）的碘盐覆盖率〉190％，有33个县碘盐覆盖率〈80％，合格碘盐食用率达到90％以上的县占全国总县数的96．63％（2785／2882）。结论非碘盐率〉20％的县（区、市、旗）主要分布在我国的西部、沿海以及与高碘地区相邻的区域。政府部门应给予政策和资金的支持，减少这些地区与全国水平的差距。
Objective To understand the situation of iodized salt consumption at the household level and non-iodized salt distribution in those areas with low iodized salt coverage. Methods In 2010, iodized salt was monitored in 31 provinces and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in accordance with the ＂Monitoring Program of the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders（Trial）＂ （hereinafter referred to as the ＂Program＂） requirements. Under the jurisdiction of counties （cities, districts, banners） with more than 9 townships （towns, street offices）, based on the location of east, west, south, north and center, 9 townships （town, district offices） were selected using simple random sampling method; 4 administrative villages （neighborhoods） were selected in each township （town, district office）; and 8 residents in each administrative village （neighborhood） were selected. Under the jurisdiction of counties （cities, districts, banners） with less than 9 townships （towns, street offices）, based On the location of east, west, south, north and center, 1 township（town, district office） was selected using simple random sampling method; 4 administrative villages （neighborhoods） were selected in each township （town, district office）; and 15 residents in each administrative village（neighborhood） were selected. Iodized salt coverage rate, qualification rate of iodized salt and consumption rate of qualified iodized salt were calculated in various provinces. The salt samples were tested by semi-quantitative method on the spot and then tested with quantitative method in laboratories. The standard of qualified iodized salt was set as 20 - 50 mg/kg and that of non-iodized salt was set as 〈 5 mg/kg （GB/T 13025.7-1999）. Results In 2010, a total of 2862 counties（districts, cities and banners） and 14 divisions of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, reported the monitoring results, and the monitoring coverage rate was 99.79%（2876/2882）. A total of 826 696 copies of edible salt samples were tested, the coverage rate of iodized salt was 98.63%, the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.95%, and the coverage rate of qualified iodized salt was 96.63%. At province level, only in Tibet iodized salt coverage rate was 〈 90%. At county level, 2755 counties qualified iodized salt coverage rate was ~〉90%, and 33 counties iodized salt coverage rate was 〈 80%. The counties with qualified iodized salt coverage rate of 90% or more accounted for 96.63%（2785/2882） of the total counties. Conclusions The counties where non-iodized salt coverage is higher than 20% mainly distributed in the western or coastal areas and adjacent areas with higher iodine. These areas need policy and funding support from governments at all levels to reduce the gap between these areas and other areas.
出处
《中国地方病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第5期552-555,共4页
Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology
关键词
碘
盐类
数据收集
Iodine
Salts
Data collection
