3卡罗琳·黎·瑞兹(Carolyn Lee Reitz).The Narrative Capabilities of Prose and Film. 引自: A look at Voice.over Narration i http://www.criterionco.com/asp/in_focus.gsp?id= 14.2005-08-27.
4Allen, R and Smith, M(ed). Film Theory and Philosophy.Oxford : Clarendon Press.1997,.
5Kozloff, S.. Invisible Storyteuers: Voice-over Narration in American Fiction Film. London: University of California PresS.1988.
6米歇尔‘塞尔索.画外音地位的演变.引自:埃里克·侯麦.南京:江苏教育出版社,2006.
7Robert Bresson. notes on sound. 引自 : Weis, E. and Belton, J. (ed.). Film Sound: Theory and Practice. New York: Columbia University Press.1985.
8Branigan, E. R.. Point of View in the Cinema: a theory of narration and subjectivity in classical film.Berlin: Mouton Publishers.1984.
