摘要
我国海水养殖业快速、大规模发展的同时给生态系统带来巨大的压力,养殖自身的健康和持续发展也受到影响。为了评估海水养殖生态系统所承受的环境压力、系统的状态和发展趋势,以海湾养殖生态系统为典型,根据系统性、动态性、生态-社会-经济相结合的原则,构建了基于指标体系法和层次分析法的海水养殖生态系统健康综合评价的方法与模式,以期为养殖海域生态系统健康评估和适应性管理提供科学工具。
Since the notion of ＇health＇ was introduced to the field of ecosystem assessment in the late 1980s,ecosystem health has become a source of concern for scientists,environment managers and the public,and protecting this health is the new goal of ecosystem management.Ecosystem health is generally accepted in terms of ＇system organization,resilience and vigor,as well as the absence of signs of ecosystem distresses′,which also includes the presence of essential functions and key attributes that sustain the life of the system.A healthy ecosystem is defined as being ＇stable and sustainable＇;maintaining its organization and autonomy over time;and resilient to stress.Due to the complexity and diversity of ecosystems,various conceptual frameworks,methods and indicators have been put forth for assessing ecosystem status and environmental quality.Although more and more attention has been given to marine ecosystems of late,assessment studies of these systems are still in their infancy. The rapid development of extensive mariculture in China is placing pressures on marine ecosystems,which in turn affects the health and sustainability of mariculture development.The mariculture ecosystem is a special and complex system,which is under intense pressure by human activities.The main features of this ecosystem are simple biological community structures,dysfunctional material and energy recycling,and an easily degradable system.The ecological problems in mariculture ecosystems include the deterioration of water and sediment environment,increased eutrophication,damage of natural biological communities,and decreased biodiversity.The degraded habitats will subsequently impact the development of mariculture by causing decreased seafood quality and frequent occurrence of diseases. In China,health assessments of various natural coastal ecosystems have been attempted in recent years,such as the Yangtze River Estuary,Yellow River Estuary,Jiaozhou Bay and some coastal wetland ecosystems.However,there still remains no published study focusing on the health of mariculture ecosystems.To assess the pressure,state and responses of the ecosystems that support aquaculture,an integrated framework and method was developed in the present paper for assessing the health of mariculture ecosystems represented by those in embayments. The framework and method was developed through an analytic hierarchical process and included 25 indicators.The assessment approach followed the Pressure-State-Response（PSR） processes.The Pressure layer included two components： external pollution pressure（influx of nutrients,oil and heavy metals into the mariculture system） and aquaculture pressure（aquaculture density/scale,degree of self-pollution and cultured species diversity）.The State layer included four components： hydrological condition（water exchange capacity）,water quality（concentrations of nutrients,oil and heavy metals,dissolved oxygen level/COD,water transparency/SPM）,sediment quality（content of organic carbon/nitrogen/phosphorus,concentration of oil and heavy metals,ORP） and biological community quality（biodiversity index of phytoplankton,zooplankton and benthos,abundance of microbe/fecal coliforms,and integrity of significant habitats）.The Response layer included four components： HABs occurrence,aquaculture diseases,aquaculture product quality,invasion of alien species.This is the first attempt to establish an evaluation method concerned exclusively with marine aquaculture ecosystems in China.This method is expected to be a tool for ecosystem health assessment and adaptive marine management in mariculture domains.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第19期6210-6222,共13页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
我国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项课题(908-02-04-07)
海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200805069)
关键词
海水养殖
生态系统健康评价
层次分析法
指标体系
mariculture
ecosystem health assessment
analytic hierarchical process（AHP）
index system
