摘要
非药物成瘾又称"非物质相关性成瘾"或"行为成瘾"。特征性表现包括对成瘾对象的渴望、受损的冲动控制、对成瘾对象的耐受、撤退反应和高复发率等。目前发现的非药物成瘾类型包括病理性赌博、网络成瘾、购物成瘾、游戏成瘾、性瘾以及贪食等。非药物成瘾与药物成瘾在症状学上表现出很高的相似性且具有较高的共病率,提示二者之间可能存在着共同的发病机制。从遗传学和神经生物学的角度探讨非药物成瘾的机制具有重要的理论价值和临床应用价值。家庭研究和双生子研究发现,男性的病理性赌博和贪食障碍具有中度以上的遗传度。分子遗传学研究发现,单胺能神经递质相关基因,如5-羟色胺转运体基因、多巴胺受体基因和单胺氧化酶A基因等,与非药物成瘾有关。神经影像学研究发现,非药物成瘾者脑内负责奖赏,线索加工和冲动控制的神经通路活动性异于正常对照。未来研究需要进一步从多个角度入手,探讨非药物成瘾与药物成瘾的共性和特性。
Non-drug addictions, which are also referred to as behavioral addictions, or non-su0stance- related addictions, include disorders such as pathological gambling, internet addiction, shopping addiction, cyber game addiction, sex addiction and binge-eating. These disorders are characterized by craving for certain behaviors, impaired impulse controls, tolerance, withdraw and high relapse rates. High phenomenological similarities and comorbidity between non-drug addictions and drug addictions indicate that these two types of addictions may share some common etiological mechanisms. Family and twin studies revealed moderate to large genetic influence on non-drug addictions, such as binge-eating and pathological gambling in male. Molecular genetic studies found that serotonin （5-HT） system genes, dopamine receptor genes and MAOA genes might be involved in the etiology of non-drug addictions. Furthermore, brain activities of non-drug addicts were different from those of the control groups, especially in the neural pathway for reward, cue processing and impulsive control. Investigating the underlying genetic and neurobiological mechanisms of non-drug addictions has both theoretical and practical implications. Studies from multiple perspectives are needed to illustrate the similarities and heterogeneity of the non-drug addictions and drug addictions.
出处
《心理科学进展》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第10期1623-1632,共10页
Advances in Psychological Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31170993
91132728)
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-EW-J-8)
中国科学院心理研究所青年基金(Y0CX351S01)资助
关键词
非药物成瘾:遗传
神经机制
non-drug addictions
genetics
neurobiological mechanism
