摘要
应用1971-2000年华北、华中、华东各省1084个站的地面天气现象观测资料,统计分析了江南(31°N以南)、江淮和黄淮(31°～37°N)及黄河以北(37°N以北)雷暴、冰雹和雷暴大风的年代际变化特征。分析结果表明:雷暴、冰雹、雷暴大风发生频率呈减少趋势。其中江南地区雷暴年代际递减更明显,黄河以北地区冰雹年代际递减最明显,而雷暴大风在三个区域的年代际递减均明显。雷暴大风常与冰雹伴随发生,高原和山地多于平原,高值区位于华北北部和内蒙古中部。对流性天气的减少与水汽和动力条件的减弱有关系。包含热力、动力和水汽条件的综合指数SWEAT无论在空间分布上,还是在30年的演变趋势上,均与对流性天气的分布和演变趋势表现出相似的特征。
Abstract： Based on the meteorological data collected from 1084 stations over North China, Central China and East China from 1971 to 2000, features of interdecadal variation of thunderstorm, hail and gale wind in the south of the Yangtze River （31°N southward）, Jiang-Huai area and Huang-Huai （31°N to 37°N） and the north of the Yellow River （37°N northward） have been analyzed. The analysis results have indicated that the frequency of thunderstorm, hail and gale wind has a decreasing trend. The inter-decadal variation of thunderstorm in the south of the Yangtze River shows a more significant decreasing trend, hail decreases most obviously in the north of the Yellow River, and gale wind decreases evidently in all these three regions. The hail often occurs with gale wind, and more frequent in the plateau and the mountain region than in the plain. It takes place most in northern North China and Central Inner Mongolia. The analysis of relevant conditions for the generation and development of the mesoscale convective system such as water vapor, thermodynamic instability and dynamical lifting has shown that the reduction of convection weather has a close relation to the decline of moisture and dynamic conditions. （severe weather threat） including thermodynamic, dynamic and moisture characteristics to the convection weather in the spatial distribution or the The composite index SWEAT conditions expresses the similar evolution trend in 30 years.
出处
《气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第10期1207-1216,共10页
Meteorological Monthly
基金
公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY200906003)资助
关键词
对流天气
年代际变化
成因分析
SWEAT指数
convection weather
inter-decadal change
causation analysis
SWEAT index （severe weatherthreat index）
