2Dormann A, Meisner S, Verin N, et al. Self-expanding metal stents- for gastreduodenal malignancies: systematic review of their clini- calcffectiveness [ J ]. Endoscopy, 2004,36:543 - 550.
3Streker E P. Malignant duodenal stenosis:palliation with peroral implantation of a self expanding nitinol stent [ J ]. Radiology, 1995,196:349 - 519.
4Scott Mackie P, Morgan R, Farrugia M, et al. The role of metallic stents in malignant duodenal obstruction [ J ]. Br J Radiolo, 1997, 70:252 - 255.
5Tang CN, Siu WT, Ha JP, et al. Endo-laparoseopic approach in the Management of obstructive jaundice and malignant gastricout- flow obstruction[ J]. Hepatogastroenterology, 2005, 52, 128 - 134.
4Saida Y, Sumiyama Y, Nagao J, et al. Long-term prognosis of preoperative "bridge to surgery" expandable metallic stent insertion for obstructive colorectal cancer: comparison with emergency operation. Dis Colon Rectum, 2003,46( 10 suppl) :S44-S49.
5Tejero E, Fernandez-Lobato R, Mainar A, et al. Initial results of a new procedure for treatment of malignant obstruction of the left colon. Dis Colon Rectum, 1997,40:432-436.
6Fiori E, Lamazza A, de Cesare A, et al. Palliative management of malignant rectosigmoidal obstruction. Colostomy vs.endoscopic stenting. A randomized prospective trial. Anticancer Res, 2004 ,24:265-268.
7Sebastian S, Johnston S, Geoghegan T, et al. Pooled analysis of the efficacy and safety of self-expanding metal stenting in malignant colorectal obstruction. Am J Gastroenterol, 2004 ,99:2051-2057.
8Mauro MA, Koehler RE, Baron TH. Advances in gastrointestinal intervention: The treatment of gastroduodenal and colorectal obstructions with metallic stents. Radiology, 2000,215: 659-669.
9Gukovsky-Reicher S, Lin RM, Sial S, et al. Self-expandable metal stents in palliation of malignant gastrointestinal obstruction: review of the current literature data and 5-year experience at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center. MedGenMed, 2003,5:16.
10Frimberger E.Expanding sprtal a new type of prosthesis for the palliative treatment of malignant esophageal stenoses[J].Endoscopy,1983,15(Suppl 1):213-214.