摘要
联邦政府以汽车为中心的规划政策正在转变,目前,为步行和自行车出行提供良好可达性已经成为联邦政府支持项目中的硬性规定。然而,交通规划领域很少有理论和方法来指导步行城市的规划设计。步行适宜性越来越受到重视的原因很多。步行不仅能减少拥挤和降低环境影响,它还兼有社会和娱乐价值。最近的研究表明,步行能够促进心理和身体健康。但是步行环境的质量是鼓励人们更多选择步行而不是驾车出行的关键。本文提出了成功的步行网络设计的六个标准:(1)连通性;(2)与其他模式的联接;(3)小块划分的土地利用模式;(4)安全;(5)人行道质量;(6)路径环境。为了在美国实现步行城市,有必要对当前的步行条件进行评估,修订标准和法规,研究不同环境下的步行行为,促进步行规划中的公众教育和公众参与,并鼓励交通工程专业和设计专业人员之间的协作和跨学科的教育。
With federal policy beginning to shift from auto-centric plarming, provision for pedestrian and bicycle access is now mandated in federally supported projects. However, the field of transportation planning has little in the way of theory and methods to guide design and planning for walkable cities. Walkability is increasingly valued for a variety of reasons. Not only does pedestrian transportation reduce congestion and have low environmental impact, it has social and recreational value. Recent research suggests that walking also promotes mental and physical health. The quality of the pedestrian environment is the key to encouraging people to choose walking over driving. Six criteria are presented for design of a successful pedestrian network： （1） connectivity; （2） linkage with other modes; （3） fine grained land use patterns; （4） safety; （5） quality of path and （6） path context. To achieve walkable cities in the United States it will be necessary to assess current walkability conditions, revise standards and regulations, research walking behavior in varied settings, promote public education and participation in pedestrian planning, and encourage collaboration and interdisciplinary education between transportation engineers and the design professions.
出处
《国际城市规划》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第5期54-64,95,共12页
Urban Planning International
