摘要
提出了一种填充玉米秆碎粉的复合型聚氨酯泡沫保温塑料板,初步确定了其配方和制备工艺,通过试验研究了不同玉米秆碎粉粒径(0<D≤0.45 mm,0.45 mm<D≤1.50 mm,1.50 mm<D≤4.00 mm等3种规格)和填充量对聚氨酯泡沫塑料的密度、压缩强度和导热性能的影响,以及不同的填充量及粒径对聚氨酯泡沫塑料的发泡时间、发泡成型效果的影响.结果表明,当玉米秸秆碎粉粒径一定时,随着填充量的增加,填充玉米秸秆碎粉的聚氨酯泡沫保温材料的密度增大,但压缩强度下降;当玉米秆碎粉粒径为0.45 mm<D≤1.50 mm、填充量为30%时,制备的复合型聚氨酯泡沫塑料板的压缩强度(10%压缩变形)为85 kPa,导热系数为0.038 W/(m.K),尺寸变化率(-40～+70℃)为±1%,能够满足渠道衬砌防渗工程中防冻胀破坏的性能要求.经测算,与不填充玉米秆碎粉的聚氨酯泡沫塑料板相比,复合型泡沫塑料保温板的成本可降低约25%,而且能够充分利用农业生产的废弃物,减少丢弃或焚烧这些废弃物对环境造成的污染.
A composite insulating plastic board of polyurethane foam,in which the powders of broken corn stalks have been stuffed,was invented;its formula and preparation technology were primarily decided as well.Effects of the size and content of broken corn stalks power（0D≤0.45 mm,0.45D≤1.50 mm,1.50 mmD≤4.00 mm）,on the density,compression strength and thermal conductivity of the polyurethane foam plastic were experimented.Meanwhile,their influences on the foaming time,foam molding of the plastic were observed too.The results showed that when the corn stalk broken powder size is fixed,the density of the foam plastic increase,its compression strength drops off with increasing content of the powders stuffed.When the broken corn stalks powder size and filled content are 0.45 mmD≤1.50 mm and 30%,the compression strength（compressed by 10%）,heat conductivity（-40-＋70 ℃） and dimension change of the composite polyurethane foam plastic board are 85 kPa,0.038 W/（m·K） and ±1%,respectively,suggesting the board can satisfy the requirements on the performance preventing seepage in channel lining applications and damage on channels caused from frost heave.According to estimates,using this composite insulating foam board in projects can reduce their cost by about 25%.Moreover,waste products of agriculture can be made full use,reducing pollution on the environment caused from disposal or incineration of those wastes.
出处
《排灌机械工程学报》
EI
北大核心
2012年第5期553-557,共5页
Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering
基金
'十二五'农村领域国家科技计划项目(2011BAD25B04)
关键词
渠道防渗
防冻胀
玉米秆碎粉
保温塑料板
综合利用
channel seepage control
anti-frost heave
corn rod broken powder
insulation plastic board
comprehensive utilization
