摘要
科学技术的发展与社会风险的增加,并不必然导致被允许的危险的法理。被允许的危险的存在,并不必然要求采取新过失论,而且新过失论存在诸多缺陷;采取修正的旧过失论是我国当前的应然选择。与具体事例无关的被允许的危险,只是立法政策问题;主张被允许的危险阻却构成要件符合性的观点,混淆了立法政策与构成要件符合性的判断。被允许的危险,既不可能成为阻却违法的一般原理,更不可能成为具体的违法阻却事由;危险被允许,并不意味着实害被允许,被允许的危险的法理没有充分根据。违法性的本质是法益侵害,行为是否具有侵害法益的危险,应当进行事后判断;结果无价值论者不应当承认作为事前判断的被允许的危险的概念。由被允许的危险的法理处理的事项完全能够由其他成熟的理论处理,被允许的危险的概念及其法理并无存在的必要。
Scientific development and growing social risks do not necessarily lead to the legal principle of tolerable risks.The existence of tolerable risks does not necessarily require the adoption of the new theory of negligent crimes.Moreover,the new theory of negligent crimes has a number of limitations.At present,it is advisable for China to adopt the revised old theory of negligent crimes.Tolerable risks that have nothing to do with specific instances only belong to the issue of lawmaking policy;the idea that tolerable risks should eliminate the conformity of constitutive elements has confused the lawmaking policy with the judgment on the conformity of constitutive elements.Tolerable risks cannot become the general principle of eliminating illegality,nor can they become the specific reasons for the elimination of illegality;that risks are allowed does not indicate the allowance of real harm,and there is no full basis for the legal principle of tolerable risks.The nature of illegality is the infringement on legal interests;whether an act has the risk of infringing on legal interests should be judged afterward.The proponents of anti-value consequences should not recognize the concept of tolerable risks as prior judgment.Matters that are dealt with by the legal principle of tolerable risks can be handled by other mature theories.It is not necessary for tolerable risks to exist either in terms of concept or legal principle.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第11期112-131,206,共20页
Social Sciences in China
