摘要
2009年11月(冬季)、2010年4月和2011年3—4月(春季),依据海拔和典型植被将秦岭主峰太白山北坡划分为6种生境类型,在各种生境中选择典型样区划定样线并采用样线法对鸟类进行调查。根据鸟类的统计数量和估算面积计算鸟类的相对密度,并根据密度等级划分各生境类型中优势种和常见种。结果表明:2个季节共记录鸟类121种,隶属于12目40科71属,其中,留鸟92种,夏候鸟24种,旅鸟5种;冬春季节各生境带的鸟类组成均以留鸟为主;不同生境带相同季节和同一生境带不同季节鸟类组成和密度及密度频次组成有一定差异;不同的生境带中优势种和常见种不同,而且在冬、春也有变化;中海拔人为干扰阔叶林带冬、春季鸟类多样性指数均最高,中海拔阔叶林带鸟类均匀度指数均最高;相邻生境带的相似性指数普遍高于不相邻生境带。除中高海拔针阔混交林带比相邻的前一植被带的鸟类物种数有所上升之外,物种的丰富度随着海拔的上升而减少,鸟类物种组成与夏、秋季相比有较大的变化。
In the winter （November） of 2009, spring （April） of 2010, and spring （ March and April） of 2011, a line transact method was adopted to investigate the bird communities along the north slope of Taibai Mountain, the summit of the Qinling Mountains in Northwest China Based on the elevation and typical vegetation, six types of habitat were categorized, and representative sampling plots were selected for each habitat type. The relative abundance and estimated area were considered to calculate the relative bird density, and the dominant and common bird species were defined according to the density rank for each habitat type. Over the whole survey period with two seasons, a total of 121 bird species were recorded, belonging to 71 genera, 40 families, and 12 orders, among which, 92 species were residents, 24 species were summer breeders, and 5 species were passaging migrants~ Both in winter and in spring, the birds in the habitats were mainly of resident species. There existed definite differences in the density and structure of bird communities in different habitat types within the same seasons and in the same habitat types be- tween different seasons. There also existed differences in the composition of dominant and com- mon bird species between different habitat types and different seasons. Among the habitat types, anthropogenic disturbed deciduous forest had the highest bird diversity index in both winter and spring, and deciduous forest had the highest bird evenness index in the two seasons The similar ity index was generally higher in adjacent habitats than in separate habitats Except that the birdspecies number in the mixed forests at medium and high altitudes had somewhat increase over the previous adjacent vegetation type, the bird species richness decreased with increasing altitude, and the bird species composition had greater change, as compared with that between spring and winter.
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第12期3150-3159,共10页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
陕西省科学院重大项目(2009K-05)
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2010JQ3003)
陕西师范大学中央高校专项(GK2061001)资助
关键词
鸟类
相对密度
物种数
海拔
太白山北坡
bird
relative density
species number
elevation
north slope of Taibaishan Moun-tain.
