摘要
海岸带是人类活动最为集中、具敏感性与脆弱性的海陆过渡区。本文以厦门市为例,运用遥感及GIS技术,对1987—2011年厦门城市化过程中海岸带景观格局变化进行研究,并基于生态安全内涵,运用景观格局指数及生态服务价值理论构建评价体系,评价其对生态安全的影响。结果表明:1987—2011年海岸带建设用地面积增长了193.0%,耕地和林地分别下降了55.2%、41.4%,滩涂早期转为海水养殖与耕地,中后期转为建设用地/裸地及水域,共减少了47.1%,海水养殖随第一产业兴衰,早期增加而2004年后则锐减47.6%;在发展初期研究区景观呈多样化、形状趋于复杂、空间分布较分散,快速发展之后,景观趋向单一、形状趋于规则,分布较为集中,自然景观明显破碎化,连通性显著下降。景观格局变化造成生态安全指数由0.561降至0.430,其中1995—2004年滩涂面积显著减少使自然生态功能减弱导致生态安全下降,2004年后岛外地区高强度开发,海岸带自然景观连通度、破碎度、分离度与景观形状的变化及滩涂的继续减少使自然生态结构、功能与稳定性均下降,导致生态安全不断变差。
Coastal zone is a transitional area between land and sea, with intensive human activi- ties and high sensitivity and vulnerability. By using remote sensing images and GIS techniques, this paper studied the dynamic changes of landscape pattern of Xiamen coastal zone during the ur- banization from 1987 to 2011, and assessed the impacts of the landscape pattern changes on the local ecological security based on the index system derived from ecological security connotation, the landscape indices, and the ecosystem service value theory. Significant changes of landscape pattern occurred in the study area from 1987 to 2011, The area proportion of construction land was increased by 193.0% , that of arable land and forest land was decreased by 55.2% and 41.4%, respectively, and the mudflat was converted into maricuhure area and arable land in the early time and turned into construction land/bare land and water area in the middle and late peri- ods, with a total decrease of mudflat area by 47.1%. Along with the rise and decline of primary industry, the mariculture area was increased first but decreased sharply by 47.6% then. In the early time, the landscape of the study area was diverse, complex in shape, and dispersed in space; while after rapid development, the landscape tended to be simplified and concentrated and had more rezular shaoe, and the natural landscaoe tended to be hizhlv frazmentized and low-ly connected. The changes of the landscape pattern made the ecological security index decreased from 0. 561 to 0. 430. During the period from 1995 to 2004, the dramatic reduction of mudflat area weakened the natural ecological function, which led to the decline of ecological security. After 2004, with the highly intensive development of the out-island of Xiamen, the natural eco- logical structure, function, and stability all decreased due to the changes of the connectivity, fragmentation degree, and separating degree of natural landscape and of the holistic landscape shape, including the continuous reduction of mudflat. As a result, the ecological security of the whole coastal zone was getting worse.
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第12期3193-3202,共10页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41001098)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC21B03)
福建省自然科学基金项目(2011J05114)资助
关键词
海岸带
景观格局变化
生态安全
城市化
厦门
coastal zone
landscape pattern change
ecological security
urbanization
Xiamen.
