摘要
中国多样化的自然环境造就了人口分布的区域差异性,明晰人口分布格局与自然环境的相互关系对于增进对人地关系的理解,实现人口、资源、环境的可持续管理具有重要作用.本文以人口密度为指标,采用洛伦兹曲线与空间统计相结合的方法,分析了中国人口分布状况,并探讨了自然因素组合对人口分布的影响以及人口分布与年均温度、年均降水量、干燥度、净初级生产力、地表粗糙度、距海岸线距离等16个指标的相互关系.结果表明:中国人口分布集聚现象显著,东、中、西部地区分别以高、中、低人口密度为主,空间上呈现出明显的正空间关联特征;人口密度与河网密度、年均温度、年均降水量、净初级生产力、≥5℃积温、降水量变异、相对湿度、温暖指数呈极显著的正相关关系,与相对高差、平均高程、日照时数、地表粗糙度、距海岸线距离呈显著负相关;气候因子(年均温度、温暖指数、降水量变异、净初级生产力)、地形因子(地表粗糙度、相对高差)和水系因子(河网密度)为影响人口分布的主要自然因素.建议加强对东部高人口密度区的生态环境监控,避免因人口增长导致生态环境退化;同时,强调对中西部生态环境脆弱地区的生态环境保育,增强这些地区的人口承载能力,减缓东部地区高人口密度的生态环境压力.
The diverse natural environment in China causes the spatial heterogeneity of China popu- lation distribution. It is essential to understand the interrelations between the population distribution pattern and natural environment to enhance the understanding of the man-land relationship and the realization of the sustainable management for the population, resources, and environment. This paper analyzed the China population distribution by adopting the index of population density （PD） in combining with spatial statistic method and Lorenz curve, and discussed the effects of the natural factors on the population distribution and the interrelations between the population distribution and 16 indices including average annual precipitation （AAP）, average annual temperature （AAT）, average annual sunshine duration （AASD）, precipitation variation （PV）, temperature variation （TV）, sunshine duration variation （SDV）, relative humidity （RH）, aridity index （AI）, warmth index （ WI）, I〉5 ℃ annual accumulated temperature （ AACT）, average elevation （ AE）, relative height difference （RHD）, surface roughness （SR）, water system density （WSD）, net primary productivity （NPP）, and shortest distance to seashore （SDTS）. There existed an obvious aggregation phenomenon in the population distribution in China. The PD was high in east China, medium in central China, and low in west China, presenting an obvious positive spatial association. The PD was significantly positively correlated with WSD, AAT, AAP, NPP, AACT, PV, RH, and WI, and significantly negatively correlated with RHD, AE, SDV, SR, and SDTS. The climate factors （AAT, WI, PV, and NPP）, topography factors （SR and RHD）, and water system factor （WSD） together determined the basic pattern of the population distribution in China. It was suggested that
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第12期3488-3495,共8页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB421105)资助
关键词
人口密度
自然环境
人地关系
中国
population density
natural environment
man-land relationship
China.
