摘要
以典型新建绿地上海辰山植物园为案例,对其土壤物理性质进行研究。结果显示:除土壤改良力度较大的月季园外,辰山植物园普遍存在土壤容重大、非毛管孔隙度小、渗透性差、质地粘重等缺陷;而不同植被类型土壤水分特征曲线能较好地拟合Gardner模型θ=AS-B,并达极显著水平(P<0.01);随土壤水吸力增加,土壤含水量降低;不同植被类型土壤供水能力即有效水含量大小关系为灌木地>乔木地>草地>裸地>竹林地;土壤含砂量低和机械或人为践踏引起的严重压实分别是引起辰山植物园土壤物理性质恶化的主要内因和外因,而土壤渗透性差和有效含水量低导致辰山植物园土壤易积水和植物不耐干旱。建议将土壤容重、非毛管孔隙度和入渗率,尤其是后者作为评价城市土壤物理性质的重要指标,应从减少压实、多施有机基质和多种乔、灌木植被等方式改善城市绿地土壤物理的性质和水分特性。
Taken Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden as an example,the soil physical properties of the typical newly-established green belts were investigated in detail.The results showed that,almost all the soil samples from the garden had some defects,such as high soil bulk density,poor non-capillary porosity and infiltration,and sticky clay,except for the rose garden where the soils had been improved remarkably.The characteristic curve of soil moisture from different vegetation types could be fitting the Gardner model（θ=AS-B） well,and the fitting equation showed highly significant level（P〈0.01）.With the increase of soil water suction,the water content was decreasing.The water supply capacity（also called available water contents） of different vegetation types ranged as the following order： Brush land〉 tree land〉 grass land 〉bare land 〉bamboo land.The low-sand content and the heavy compaction by mechanical or man-caused trampling were the main internal and external factors,respectively,which could cause deterioration of the soil physical properties for the garden,while the poor soil infiltration and the low content of available water led to waterlogging in soil and drought susceptible for vegetations on the garden.Therefore,the soil bulk density,the non-capillary porosity and especially the soil infiltration rate could be used as the main index to evaluate the physical properties of urban soils,and reducing the compaction,applying more organic medium,and planting diverse shrub or tree vegetation could improve the physical properties and water characteristics of urban soils.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第6期85-90,共6页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
上海辰山植物园专项资助项目(G102402)
关键词
城市土壤物理性质
水分特征
不同植被
压实
urban soil physical properties
water characteristics
different vegetation
compaction
