摘要
南极大陆气候严寒、营养贫瘠,企鹅、海豹等生物能传递海洋中的营养物质到陆地,这些营养物质是维系南极无冰区生态系统的基础。本文首先阐述了海洋向南极无冰区输入营养物质的方式,重点介绍了生物方式输入的营养物质对无冰区生态系统组成、结构和功能的影响,以及无冰区向近海输入营养物质的方式及其影响。然后,以西南极法尔兹半岛为例,对企鹅、海豹传输的营养物质磷在陆地、淡水生态系统中的记录进行了分析,讨论了南极近海磷的生物地球化学循环及其机理,估算了磷循环通量。结果表明,南极阿德雷岛磷的外来营养源包括物理输入、生物输入和大气沉降输入3种,其中,生物输入(企鹅粪)占94.34%～99.74%,在近海磷循环中起着关键作用。
The Antarctica is very cold and infertile, where the organisms such as seals and pen guins can transfer nutrients from sea to land, and these nutrients are crucial to support the eco systems in the icefree areas of the Antarctica. This paper reviewed the ways by which the nutri ents were transferred from the sea to the icefree areas of the Antarctica, with the focus on the effects of the nutrients transferred by the organisms on the composition, structure, and function of the ecosystems in the icefree areas, as well as the pathways of nutrient translocation from the icefree areas to the sea and their impacts on the marine ecosystems. Taking the Fildes Peninsula in West Antarctica as an example, the data of the phosphorus transferred by penguins and seals to the terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems were compiled and analyzed, the mechanisms of the phosphorus biogeochemical cycle in the Antarctica were discussed, and the flux of the phosphorus was estimated. Our results indicated that in the Ardley Island of the Antarctica, there were three ways of foreign phosphorus input, including physical transport, biotransport, and atmospheric deposition. Remarkably, the phosphorus transported by penguins in the form of guano accounted for 94.34% 99.74% of the total foreign phosphorus input, being a key contributor to the phos phorus cycle in the Antarctic ecosystems.
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第1期195-203,共9页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
教育部博士点基金项目(20103402110023)
南北极环境综合考察与评估专项(CHINARE2012-02-01-03和CHINARE2012-04-04-09)资助
