摘要
利用陕西省水资源和社会经济环境资料,结合GIS技术,依据区域生态风险评价的方法理论,采用层次分析法和综合指数法,建立了水资源压力-状态-响应的生态风险指标体系,分析了水资源经济和人口承载力,并对陕西省水资源生态风险的时空演化进行了综合评价。评价结果表明,水资源承载的经济和人口规模呈增加趋势,水资源压力不断增大,水资源综合风险也呈增加趋势。水资源区域风险表现为关中地区风险最大,其次为陕北地区,陕南地区水资源风险相对较小。水资源综合风险中,以状态风险最大,其次是压力风险,响应风险相对较小。不同地区水资源综合风险大小顺序依次为:西安地区>咸阳地区>榆林地区>渭南地区>宝鸡地区>延安地区>汉中地区>铜川地区>安康地区>商洛地区。水资源时空分布不均,开发利用程度大,经济快速发展,水生态失衡及污染源治理和环境保护措施力度等方面不能满足遏制水生态环境恶化等自然环境本底脆弱性的要求,经济系统不稳定性已成为陕西省水资源风险的主要驱动因素。
Based on the water resource inventory and the socio-economic environmental data collected in Shaanxi Province,we developed a water ecological risk index system according to the concept of Pressure—State—Response（PSR） and the regional ecological risk assessment theory.Combined with GIS technology and the AHP and the composite index methods,we analyzed the economic and demographic carrying capacity,and assessed the temporal and spatial changes of the ecological risks of the water resources.The results show that the water resource pressure and integrated risks increased rapidly as the economy and the population grew.Overall,the state risk was the highest,pressure risk moderate,and the response risk the smallest.Central,northern and southern parts of Shaanxi Province exhibited ecological risks in a descending order from high to low,respectively;specifically,Xi′an areaXianyang areaYulin areaWeinan areaBaoji areaYan′an areaHanzhong areaTongchuan areaAnkang area Shangluo area.The vulnerabilities of local natural environments,such as uneven spatiotemporal distribution of water resources,fast societal development,rapid economic growth,unbalance water ecology,water environmental degradation,and unstable economic system were the main driving forces causing water resource risks in Shaanxi Province.
出处
《水土保持通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第6期273-278,共6页
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家社会科学基金项目"西北地区生态风险综合评估及安全保障研究"(08BZZ031)
陕西省重点实验室项目"陕西省生态脆弱性及风险综合研究"(09JS072)
宝鸡文理学院重点项目"渭河中下游气候灾害生态风险评价"(ZK11159)
关键词
水资源
生态风险
综合评价
驱动因素
陕西省
water resource
ecological risk
integrated assessment
driving factor
Shaanxi Province
