摘要
目的分析北京市密云县鼠疫监测结果．及存在的危险因素，为北京市开展鼠疫防控工作提供依据。方法2009—2011年，在密云县通过遥感技术、文献检索和现场调查获得密云县自然地理基础数据。根据地理特征和动植物分布状况，在古北121、大城子镇选择具有代表性的不同生境地区进行调查。采用夹夜法捕捉鼠类，计算鼠密度，鉴定鼠种类；对捕捉的小型鼠类检蚤，计算染蚤率和蚤指数，对蚤进行分类鉴定。采用夜笼法捕获活鼠，鉴定鼠种类；采集鼠心脏血和当地家犬静脉血，分离血清。采用鼠疫间接血球凝集试验检测血清中的鼠疫F1抗体。结果2009—2011年采用夹夜法和夜笼法共捕获小型鼠类306只，经鉴定为1纲、2目、4科、7属、9种。各年度夹夜法鼠密度分别为0．58％（7／1200）、0．67％（8／1200）、1．33％（16／1200），平均密度为0．86％（31／3600），各年度之间鼠密度比较差异无统计学意义（x2=4．751，P〉0．05）。社鼠为优势种，占47．21％（144／305），岩松鼠占30．82％（94／305），褐家鼠占10．82％（33／305）。2009—2010年共梳检活鼠283只，获染蚤鼠52只，染蚤率为18．37％，蚤指数为1．19，各年度蚤指数比较差异无统计学意义（x2=3．238，P〉0．05）；共获蚤338只，其中屈褶复角蚤占99．70％（337／338），二齿新蚤占0．30％（1／338）。186份鼠血清标本和98份家犬血清标本鼠疫Fl抗体均为阴性。结论密云县的优势鼠种社鼠、褐家鼠是传播鼠疫的动物，鼠疫重要媒介二齿新蚤密度较低及血清学检测无阳性结果，表明密云县尚未发现鼠疫活动的线索，鼠疫远距离传播是当前存在的主要鼠疫传播危险因素。
Objective To analyze the plague monitoring results and risk factors of plague infection, and to provide a basis for plague prevention and control in Miyun county Beijing city. Methods Miyun natural geographic data were obtained by remote sensing technology, field survey and literature retrieval from 2009 to 2011. According to geographical features and distribution of animal and plant, investigation was carried out at representatively selected different habitat areas in Gubeikou and Dachengzi towns. Rats were captured by the night trapping method; the density of rats was calculated and rat type was identified. Flea rate and flea index were calculated on small rodent; fleas were classified and identified. Live rats were captured by the night cage method; rat species were identified; rat heart blood and local dog venous blood were collected, and serum was separated. Serum F1 antibody of plague was detected by indirect hemagglutination test. Results A total of 306 small rodents were captured by the night trapping method and the night cage method from 2009 to 2011. After identification, they belong to class 1, order 2, family 4, genera 7 and species 9. The density of rat that was captured by night trapping method was 0.58%（7/1200）, 0.67%（8/1200）, 1.33%（16/1200）, and the average density was 0.86%（31/3600）. The differences of rat density between each year were not significant（~2 = 4.751, P 〉 0.05）. Ratlus confucianus was the dominant species of wild rodents, accounted for 47.21% （144/305）, Rock squirrels accounted for 30.82% （94/305） and Rattus norvegicus accounted for 10.82% （33/305）. A total of 283 live rats were combed; from 2009 to 2011, 52 of them had fleas; flea rate was 18.37%; flea index was 1.19; the differences of flea index between each year were not significant（x2 = 3.238, P 〉 0.05）. Got 338 fleas, Paraceras crispus accounted for 99.70% （337/338） and Neopsylla bidentatiformis accounted for 0.30% （1/338）. The serological F1 antibody test results were all negative in the blood samples of 186 rodents and 98 canidaes. Conclusions In Miyun, the dominant rat species are Agency rats and Rattus norvegicus ; they can be infected with the plague. Neopsylla bidentatiformis is an important medium of plague. Because density of Neopsylla bidentatiforrnis is low and serological detection results are negative, Miyun county has not yet found the clues of plague activity. Remote transmission is the main risk factor of plague transmission currently.
出处
《中华地方病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第1期81-84,共4页
Chinese Journal of Endemiology
关键词
鼠疫
宿主
蚤
危险因素
分析
Plague
Host animals
Flea
Risk factors
.~nalysis
