摘要
随着经济的高速发展以及人口的快速膨胀,我国海洋与海岸带生态资源破坏日益严重,影响了沿海经济的可持续发展。海洋生态补偿是我国实现协调社会经济发展与保护海洋环境、促进海洋可持续发展的现实选择,但是现有的海洋生态补偿政策远远不能满足指导我国海洋生态建设的需要。文章详细分析了海洋生态补偿的理论基础,包括生态价值论、公共物品理论、外部性理论和环境正义论。鉴于国内外对于海洋生态补偿的内涵与外延缺乏统一的认识,文章首先从生态学、法学与经济学的视角对海洋生态补偿的内涵进行探讨,提出海洋生态补偿应包括海洋生态损害补偿与海洋生态建设补偿;其次对海洋生态补偿补偿的基本概念进行梳理与界定,认为海洋生态补偿应为对初级生态损害的补偿,并将损害海洋生态的方式分为海域使用中的损害、过错行为导致的海洋生态损害与历史累积污染造成的损害。为进一步指导海洋生态补偿制度的建设,文章对海洋生态补偿的主体与对象、客体、本质、标准和方式等关键要素进行界定,初步构建了海洋生态补偿制度的技术框架。本研究将进一步拓展海洋生态补偿的研究领域,为开展基于生态系统的海洋管理提供科学依据。
Rapid growth of economy and population and fast urbanization in China＇s coastal zones have resulted in more and more serious damage of ocean and coastal environment, which jeopardize the sustainable development of coastal economies. Marine ecological compensation is an effective and efficient approach to balance the socio-economic development and the marine environmental protection, and to promote sustainability of ocean and coast. The current theory of marine ecological compensation can＇t meet the needs for the development of compensation policies. This paper firstly analyzed the theoretical basis of marine ecological compensation, including the value of the ecosystem services, the public goods, the externalities and environmental justice. Secondly, the paper explores the concept and connotation of marine ecological compensation based on the comprehensive analysis of ecology, law and economics. The marine ecological compensation can be categorized into two parts, the marine ecological damage compensation and payments for marine ecosystem services. The marine ecological damage is the primary environmental damage done directly to the marine environment. The legal liability of ecological damage caused by normal （approved） sea area use, and the wrongful actions （such as oil spill） are different. Thirdly, the paper discusses the key elements of marine ecological compensation such as the subject, the object, compensation standards and modes, etc...
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第11期1911-1915,共5页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项项目"海洋工程和海上溢油生态补偿/赔偿关键技术研究示范"(201105006)
国家海洋局青年基金:海洋生态补偿的经济内涵及政府功能定位(2012734)
2011年国家海洋局海域司委托项目:海域管理的经济政策体系研究
关键词
海洋生态补偿
内涵
理论基础
技术要素
marine ecological compensation
ecological damage
payment for ecosystem services
technical elements
