摘要
选用低产氮低效型、高产氮中效型和高产氮高效型具有代表性的6个粳稻品种,在各自最适氮素水平下,研究了干物质积累与转运特性的差异及其与氮效率的关系。结果表明,较之低产类型品种,高产类型品种物质生产总量提高20.29%,差异达显著水平。其中在够苗前、拔节至抽穗、抽穗至成熟阶段的干物质积累量和群体生长率分别提高15.05%、27.04%、24.75%和15.05%、28.38%、23.00%,够苗至拔节阶段则互有高低。同为高产类型品种,因氮利用率的差异物质积累与转运特性不同。较之高产氮中效型,高产氮高效型品种各生育时期的单位面积茎蘖数均呈下降趋势,其中够苗、拔节、抽穗和成熟期平均分别降低5.76%、11.61%、7.01%和5.70%,差异均达显著水平,而成穗率显著提高。各生育时期的干物质积累量均有所下降,其中,够苗、拔节、抽穗和成熟期分别降低12.18%、10.54%、8.29%和5.01%,收获指数却显著提高。抽穗至成熟阶段的干物质积累率提高5.40%,群体生长率提高5.19%。说明抽穗前适当控制群体生长,抽穗后保持较高的群体生长水平及较高的收获指数是高产氮高效型品种的重要物质生产特性。
The difference of dry matter production and translocation characteristics in low-yielding and low N-efficiency, high-yielding and medium N-efficiency, high-yielding and high N-efficiency rice cultivars was investigated using six representa- tive japonica varieties under their optimum N supply levels, respectively. The results indicated that： with the increase of rice pro- ductivity, the total dry matter production amount significantly increased by 20.29% on average, and the dry matter accumulation amount and population growth rate increased on average by 15.05%, 27.04%, 24.75% and 15.05%, 28.38%, 23.00%, during the period before N-n （critical stage of productive tillering）, from jointing to heading, and from heading to maturing, respectively, and decreased during the period from N-n to the jointing. Among the high-yielding varieties, with the nitrogen use efficiency increased, the tiller number per unit area at each growth stage showed a downward trend, and significantly reduced on average by 5.76%, 11.61%, 7.01%, and 5.70% at N-n, jointing, heading and maturing, respectively, but ratio of productive tillers to total tillers significantly increased. At each growth stage, the dry matter accumulation amount showed a declined tendency, and re- duced on average by 12.18%, 10.54%, 8.29%, and 5.01% at N-n, jointing, heading and maturity, respectively, but harvest indexsignificantly increased. During the period from heading to maturing, dry matter accumulation rate increased on average by 5.40%, the population growth rate increased on average by 5.19%. The results above showed that proper control for population growth before heading, maintaining a high growth rate after heading and a higher harvest index were the important dry matter accumula- tion characteristics of the cultivars with high-yielding and high nitrogen use efficiency.
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第1期101-109,共9页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(30971732,31101102)
国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2011BAD16B03)
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合NY字[2012]3043)
贵州省水稻育种、栽培与产业化创新能力建设项目(黔科合院所创能合[2011]4003)
贵州山区水稻科研基础条件建设项目(黔科条中补地[2011]4005)
贵州科技重大专项计划项目(黔科合重大专项字[2011]6012-2)
贵州省科技成果重点推广计划项目(黔科合成字[2012]5019)资助
关键词
水稻
高产高效
物质生产
物质转运
Rice
High-yielding and high N-efficiency
Dry matter production
Dry matter translocation
