摘要
晚清通行的"艺术"概念指的是西方的自然科学和应用科学,沿袭了古代"埶術"一词的技艺内涵。康有为的《日本书目志》把中国传统的艺术内涵叠加在日本的艺术门类上,从而把方术和艺术并置为"美术",构建出一个亦中亦西的艺术新范畴。刘师培考察古代艺术时,以魏晋为期,把艺术的功能区分为礼仪和自娱两个层面,从而把艺术从经义教化中解放出来,迈出了中西艺术对接的关键性一步。民国以后,以鲁迅和吕澂为代表的新学人直接取径西方,用美来界定艺术,提倡超功利的纯艺术。但实际上这种有所取舍的选择依然折射出移风易俗的传统艺术理念,与西方的art有相当的距离。今天使用的"艺术"概念实为中西、新旧观念融合共生的结果。"艺术"内涵的近代衍化集中体现了近代新语词本土化过程的中西文化互动。
In the late Qing dynasty,the word 'art' referred to Western natural sciences and applied sciences,following the connotation of the ancient Chinese word 'art' as 'skill.' In his Catalog of Japanese Books,Kang Youwei overlay the connotations of traditional Chinese art on top of the modern Japanese category of art,thereby combining skill and art as 'fine art,' erecting a new artistic category that was both Chinese and Western.When Liu Shipei examined ancient Chinese arts, taking the Wei and Jin dynasties as a watershed,he differentiated between two functions of art——etiquette and selfamusement——thereby liberating art from classical education,and taking a key step toward joining together Chinese and Western art.After the establishment of the Republic of China,new intellectuals represented by Lu Xun and Lii Cheng followed the West directly by defining art in terms of beauty,and advocating pure art without any utility.But in fact,even this choice refracts the traditional ideal of using art to change existing haljits and customs,and is far from the Western term 'ait.' The concept of 'art' used today is actually a product of combining Chinese and Western concepts,as well as new and old concepts.The modern evolution of the connotations of ' art' is a concentrated manifestation of the interaction between Chinese and Western cultures in the process of localizing a new modern term.
出处
《近代史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第1期22-35,160,共14页
Modern Chinese History Studies
基金
中央美术学院中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(JQN-120002)资助
