摘要
悬浮在空气中的颗粒物,按其空气动力学直径的大小,可分为PM 10和PM 2.5。其中PM2.5由于可直接进入肺泡、称为可吸入肺颗粒物,对人体具有更大危害作用;PM 2.5对心血管系统可以产生毒性作用,心肺疾病的日病死率增加与PM2.5有密切的关系。PM 10和PM 2.5对天气和气候具有危害作用,例如可能降低大气能见度、显著减少日照、改变气温和降水模式、导致雾天增多等。为此,有必要对PM 10和PM 2.5进行监测、治理和控制。分析发现,颗粒物的来源复杂多样,大城市的PM 2.5的主要来源为燃料的燃烧(以煤炭燃烧为主)及机动车尾气。PM 10和PM 2.5污染的治理需要从多个方面着手、多个部门通力协作、加强源头管理。目前,国内主要采用重量法对环境空气PM 10和PM 2.5进行测定,2012年修订的《环境空气质量标准》增加了PM 2.5环境质量标准限值,但是缺乏基于完整科学理论和足量实测数据的支撑,需要深入开展对PM 2.5环境质量标准体系的研究,为空气质量管理和政策制定提供更多的信息。
Particulate matters in the atmosphere can be divided into coarse inhalable particulate（PM 10） and fine inhalable particulate（PM 2.5） according to its aerodynamic diameter.PM 2.5,which is also called lung-enterable particles,is more harmful to human health.There is a close relationship between the fatality rate and the concentration of PM 2.5,which can enter lung alveoli directly,and even blood system,may lead to toxication disease in angiocarpy system.PM 10 and PM 2.5 may affect the weather or climate,such as decrease the visibility of atmosphere,reduce the sunshine,change the temperature or hydrometeor,whichever is quite harmful.So it is necessary to monitor and control the PM 10 and PM 2.5.Through analysis,it is found that the source construction of particulate is very complex,while the sources of PM 2.5 in our country mainly include fuel（mainly coal） combustion and vehicle＇s exhaust gas.In order to control concentration of PM 10 and PM 2.5,it demands the cooperation of many departments,and the strong control of the pollution source.At present,the weight method mainly is used to measure PM 10 and PM 2.5concentration in domestic institutions.The Ambient Air Quality Standard（2012 edition） appended the permit value for PM 2.5,although still lack for complete theory or plenty of actual measurement data.Hence more research for the Ambient Air Quality Standard System is very valuable and essential to provide enough information for civil atmosphere quality control.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2013年第1期117-119,共3页
Occupation and Health
基金
上海市虹口区疾病预防控制中心人才培养(项目编号:jk2012-6)
关键词
空气中颗粒物
PM
10
PM
2
5
Particulate matters in the atmosphere
PM 10
PM 2.5
