摘要
针对"定居兴牧"水源工程勘测设计、建设管理中的难点问题和关键环节,分析和阐述了立项审批、建设资金、建设管理及质量安全三项保障措施,以及建立的坝工建设、工程水文计算及工程地质勘察、工程设计与施工技术体系三项技术支撑,提出了工程规模"择小放大"、泄水建筑物规模"择大放小"、抗震设计"评Ⅶ设Ⅷ"、灌溉模式"择高有压"、地质条件复杂"避让放弃"等技术措施和应把握的原则,建立了"定居兴牧"水源工程技术支撑体系;并针对牧民定居水资源保障和安置模式、水源工程水价及管理、受水区开发规模等问题进行了分析讨论,指出新疆已不具备大规模开发水土资源的条件,采取"集中定居、插花定居、分流转产"三种定居模式,是切合新疆实际的;水源及其配套工程效益的发挥,需要加快饲草饲料基地开发建设,走集约化、现代化发展之路;水价应考虑牧民承受能力和工程良性运行的需要,可采取财政扶持、分阶段逐步到位,实施定居区水务一体化管理,发挥项目的规模效应;定居区规模要做到"水土平衡、供需平衡",防止"小马拉大车";工程建成后,要加强水文监测,为水库安全度汛和调度提供可靠的基础依据。定居兴牧水源工程的顺利实施,赋予了"新疆效率"深刻的科学内涵,对于加速现代草原生态畜牧业发展,具有一定的借鉴、指导作用。
To get rid of poor pattern of production ＆ living and anomalism all year for most herdsmen, and to limit over-loaded de-pasture for natural grass land and to control degeneration of its ecological environment, Xinjiang Government will launch 27 projects of Settlement for Development of Animal Husbandry within 3-year completion. Under the characteristics of short construction period, deficient hydrological data and complicated geological condi- tion of dam construction, the paper shows difficulties and key points of their survey, design and management, and then analyzes three safeguard measures, including setting-up project ＆ approval, construction funds, construction management ＆ qualify safety. It presents technical supporting system including dam construction, engineering hydrologic calculation and geological survey, engineering design and construction techniques. It provides major principles of technical measures which should be mastered, such as construction scale by larger instead of smaller, discharge structure scale by smaller instead of larger, earthquake-resistant design by evaluation on VII degree and design on Ⅷ degree, irrigation mode by area in higher elevation forming natural pressure, complicated geological condition to be kept away and be given up and etc. It establishes technical supporting system of water resources works of settlement for development of animal husbandry. It discusses issues like water resources safeguard in herdsmen settlement and settlement model, auxiliary works construction and management in irrigation zone, water price for water resources works and united water management in settlement area, exploration scale in intake area for water resources works and etc. It points out that three settlement types, including concentrated settlement, scat- tered settlement and switching on the other production, are suitable for actual situation in Xinjiang instead of large- scale exploration of soil and water resources ; and at the same time playing function of water resources and their aux- iliary works depends on speeding up construction foundation of forage and feedstuff, which is a intensification ＆ modernization development road. Water price of water resources works should consider ability of herdsmen and re- quirement of operation of works in good condition and it could be put into place step-by-step by finance-supporting. United water management in settlement area is carried out for playing project scales function. Scale of settlement ar- ea should be committed to balance of soil and water, balance of supply and requirement and prevent small horse with a large cart. After projects are completed, hydrologic monitoring should be strengthened to recheck hydraulic calculation outcomes for providing reliable basis of reservoirs safety in flood period and their regulation. The smooth development of settlement for development of animal husbandry gives deeply scientific connotation of Xinjiang Effi- ciency, which is for guide and reference for speeding up modem animal husbandry development.
出处
《干旱区地理》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第6期978-987,共10页
Arid Land Geography
基金
国家自然科学基金创新群体基金项目(51021006)资助
关键词
定居兴牧
草原生态
水库
引水工程
技术支撑体系
settlement for development of animal husbandry
grassland ecology
reservoir
water delivery works
technical supporting system
