摘要
[目的]了解上海市家用水质处理器出水细菌污染状况及其影响因素。[方法]选取上海市320户居民,对其水质处理器出水细菌污染状况进行调查研究,并跟踪其季节变化。调查内容包括水质处理器的整机使用年限、部件构成、日常使用和维护情况等。检测指标包括菌落总数、大肠菌群、菌谱分析。分别采用秩和检验、χ2检验和logistic回归模型对数据进行分析。[结果]受调查家用水质处理器出水水质细菌污染现象比较普遍,且污染水平随季节波动,夏季细菌污染水平高于秋、冬季。同一季节中,夏、秋两季反渗透处理装置的细菌污染水平高于一般水质处理器,冬季两种水质处理器细菌污染水平差异无统计学意义。细菌总数≥20cfu/mL的水质处理器出水水样的菌谱分析结果显示,检出铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌等致病菌和条件致病菌。影响使用中水质处理器出水细菌污染状况的因素,主要有水质处理器是否配置紫外线处理单元、机器使用年限、滤芯使用时间和是否每天使用等。[结论]水质处理器产品质量,包括其组件设计、构成和使用说明的完善性,以及用户是否正确使用与维护是制约家用水质处理器卫生安全性的关键因素。应加强对产品质量的监管,普及家用水质处理器的正确使用和维护方法。
[ Objective ] To investigate bacterial contamination and related impact factors of treated water from household water purify system in Shanghai. [ Methods ] A total of 320 households were selected in Shanghai and tap water treated by purify system were multiple sampled for seasonal microbial contamination determination including total bacterial count, coliform, and bacterial spectrum. The information on system life span, system components, daily usage, and maintenance were also collected. Rank sum test, X2 test, and logistic regression model were used for data analysis. [ Results ] Microbial contamination was common among the investigated water purifiers and varied by season. In summer, the contamination level was higher than that in autumn and winter. In the same season such as summer or autumn, the microbial contamination level of systems with reverse osmosis treatments was higher than that of the other systems; however, there was no significant difference found in winter. The results of bacterial spectrum analysis indicated pathogens or opportunistic pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus, in treated water samples with total bacterial counts over 20 cfu/mL. The main impact factors affecting bacterial contamination in treated water from water purify system were UV treatment unit, system life Span, and filter life span and running frequency. [ Conclusion ] The quality of household water purify system＇s design, components, and instruction manual, as well as appropriate usage and maintenance, are the key elements of water safety. Quality supervision and promotion of proper usage and maintenance should be strengthened.
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2013年第2期103-107,共5页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
基金
上海市卫生局科研课题(编号:2010182)
关键词
水质处理器
细菌污染
菌落总数
大肠菌群
water purify system
bacterial contamination
total bacterial count
coliform
