摘要
以3个品种为材料,采用随机区组设计,在田间试验条件下,研究了施氮水平对春、秋马铃薯Solanum Tu-berosum L.光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响,以期为合理氮肥运筹,提高马铃薯光能利用提供理论依据.结果表明:①增施氮肥因提高了功能叶的叶绿素质量分数而显著影响春、秋马铃薯的净光合速率及其对光照强度和CO2体积分数的响应,但影响的程度和趋势在春、秋马铃薯之间有一定差异.在试验的处理范围内,春马铃薯功能叶的最大净光合速率(Am)、表观量子效率(Ψ)随施氮水平的增加而提高,而秋马铃薯的Am和Ψ则随氮肥用量的增加先增后减,春薯光合作用的光饱和点和补偿点均大于秋薯,表明马铃薯光合作用的氮肥效应受栽培季节的影响;②氮肥水平对马铃薯功能叶片叶绿素的荧光特性也有一定影响,适量的氮肥可以提高最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(ФpsⅡ)和电子传递速率(ETR),降低光化学猝灭系数(qP)和非光化学猝灭系数(qN),从而增加PsⅡ天线色素对光能的捕获效率,降低光能的热耗散,提高PsⅡ的光化学效率;③不同马铃薯品种的光合与叶绿素荧光特性及其对氮肥的响应存在一定差异,在秋播和中高氮水平下,川芋117的Am、羧化效率(CE)、Fv/Fm、ФpsⅡ、ETR和qP等光合和叶绿素荧光参数均高于青薯2号.
Two field experiments were conducted with three potato varieties in spring and autumn in Ya＇an, Sichuan province to study the effects of nitrogen rate on the characteristics of photosynthesis and chloro phyll fluorescence of the plants. The main results were as follows： 1） The increase in nitrogen rate in creased the chlorophyll content of the functional leaves and thus significantly improved the net photosyn thetic rate （Pn） and its response to light intensity and CO2 concentration of both spring and autumn pota to. However, some differences between spring and autumn potato were found. The maximum net photo synthetic rate （Am） and apparent quantum efficiency （ψ） of the spring potato leaves increased with in creasing nitrogen rate, while those of the autumn potato increased at first, and then decreased with in creasing nitrogen rate. In addition, light saturation points and compensation points of the spring potato were higher than those of the autumn potato, indicating that the effects of nitrogen rate on photosynthesis of potato were different with the planting season. 2） Nitrogen fertilizer also had some effects on the char acteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence of potato functional leaves. An appropriate nitrogen rate could in crease the maximum photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm）, actual photochemical efficiency （ФpsⅡ） and elec tron transport rate （ETR）, and decrease the photochemical quenching coefficient （qP） and non-photo chemical quenching （qN）, thus improving the efficiency of the Ps Ⅱ antenna pigments for capturing light energy, reducing the thermal dissipation of light energy and enhancing the photochemical efficiency of Ps Ⅱ. 3） Some differences were observed between different potato varieties in the characteristics of photosyn thesis and chlorophyll fluorescence and their response to nitrogen rate. Under autumn sowing and mid high nitrogen level conditions, the Am, carboxylation efficiency （CE）, Fv/Fm, ФpsⅡ, ETR and qP of Chuanyu 117 were higher than those of Qingshu 2.
出处
《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第1期1-9,共9页
Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
四川省作物育种攻关资助项目(2006YZGG-28)
四川科技支撑计划资助项目(2012NZ0017)
四川省新增百亿斤粮食资助项目
关键词
氮肥水平
春、秋马铃薯
光合特性
叶绿素荧光
nitrogen rate
spring and autumn potato （Solanum tuberosum L. ）
photosynthetic characteris tics
chlorophyll fluorescence
