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Speciation by selection: A framework for understanding ecology's role in speciation 被引量:3

Speciation by selection: A framework for understanding ecology's role in speciation
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摘要 Speciation research during the last several decades has confirmed that natural selection frequently drives the genera- tion of new species. But how does this process generally unfold in nature? We argue that answering this question requires a clearer conceptual framework for understanding selection's role in speciation. We present a unified framework of speciation, pro- viding mechanistic descriptions of fundamentally distinct routes to speciation, and how these may interact during lineage splitting Two major categories are recognized: reproductive isolation resulting from (1) responses to selection, "speciation by selection," or (2) non-selective processes, "speciation without selection." Speciation by selection can occur via three mechanisms: (1) similar selection, (2) divergent selection, and (3) reinforcement selection. Understanding ecology's role in speciation requires uncovering how these three mechanisms contribute to reproductive isolation, and their relative importance compared to non-selective proce- sses, because all three mechanisms can occur side-by-side during speciation. To accomplish this, we highlight examination of groups of organisms inhabiting replicated environmental gradients. This scenario is common in nature, and a large literature illus- trates that both parallel and non-parallel responses to similar environments are widespread, and each can result in speciation. This recognition reveals four general pathways of speciation by similar or divergent selection--parallel and nonparallel responses to similar and divergent selection. Altogether, we present a more precise framework for speciation research, draw attention to some under-recognized features of speciation, emphasize the multidimensionality of speciation, reveal limitations of some previous tests and descriptions of speciation mechanisms, and point to a number of directions for future investigation [Current Zoology 59 (1): 31-52, 2013].
出处 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第1期31-52,共22页 动物学报(英文版)
关键词 SPECIATION Ecological speciation Mutation order REINFORCEMENT One-allele mechanism Reproductive isolation 形态描述 概念框架 生态环境 物种形成 生殖隔离 非选择性 自然选择 相互作用
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