摘要
目的了解西湖区2005-2011年学校、幼托机构呼吸道传染病疫情的流行病学特征,为加强学校呼吸道传染病防治提供科学依据。方法收集整理杭州市西湖区2005-2011年学校和幼托机构呼吸道传染病疫情相关资料,应用描述性分析以及相关性统计推断进行流行病学特征分析。结果 2005-2011年西湖区发生学校和幼托机构呼吸道传染病疫情202起,占全区呼吸道传染病疫情的94.39%,报告发病6 080例,无死亡病例;病种以流感、水痘和流行性腮腺炎为主,各年份间传染病疫情起数分布不同(χ2=147.52,P=0.000),以2009年最多;呼吸道传染病疫情发病高峰主要在11月,不同年份病种分布不同(χ2=149.50,P=0.000);疫情涉及94所大中小学校和9所幼儿园,以小学最多,占47.52%;不同教育机构病种分布不同(χ2=42.81,P=0.000)。结论学校尤其小学是呼吸道传染病疫情的高发场所,应建立健全学校传染病监测与报告制度,在秋季开学初采取针对性的健康宣教和预防接种工作,做到早期预防、及时发现和快速处理。
Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of epidemics of respiratory tract infections in schools and preschools of Xihu district of Hangzhou, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control in school. Methods By using the description method and statistic inference, data of epidemics of respiratory tract infections in schools and preschools of Xihu district of Hangzhou during 2005 to 2011 were analyzed. Results There were 202 epidemics of respiratory tract infections in schools and preschools, accounting for 94.39% in Xihu district, 6 080 cases and 0 death were reported in all. The top three diseases were influenza, chicken pox and mumps. The distribution of the number of epidemics each year was different（χ2 = 147.52 ,P= 0.000 ） , and 2009 was the most. The incidence peak was November, and the distribution of epidemics in each year was different （χ2= 149.50,P=0.000）. The total of 202 epidemics distributed in 94 schools and 9 preschools, and the primary schools counted for 47.52% for the most, and the distribution of epidemics in different schools and preschools was also different （χ2 = 42.81, P = 0.000）. Conclusion Since there is a high incidence of epidemics of respiratory tract infections in schools, especially primary schools, it is necessary to establish and consummate the surveillance and reporting system of communicable disease to make a timely detection of epidemics. According to the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory tract infections in schools and preschools, it is recommended to carry out the health education and targeted vaccination at the early stage of the autumn semester.
出处
《中国学校卫生》
CAS
北大核心
2013年第2期184-187,共4页
Chinese Journal of School Health
关键词
呼吸道疾病
传染病
流行病学研究
青少年保健服务
Respiratory tract diseases
Communicable diseases
Epidemiologic studies
Adolescent health services
