摘要
介绍了处置废弃印刷线路板的主要技术,包括冶金处理、超临界水氧化、微生物处理、焚烧、热解和气化等,并比较了这些技术的优缺点。分析指出,由于熔盐对溴和重金属的捕集作用,熔盐气化技术有利于控制印刷线路板中的溴和重金属等有害物质的迁移,减轻二次污染。该技术在生物质气化和煤气化等方面的广泛应用,也为利用该技术对废弃印刷线路板进行资源化处置提供了重要基础。因此,应进一步深入研究废弃印刷线路板在熔盐反应器中的气化特性,促进该技术的推广应用。
The present paper intends to provide a general review of the latest advances on how to dispose the ever-increasing waste placed or printed circuit boards in modern IT and other branches of electrical and electronic industries. The plastics, metals and fiberglass built-in such waste printed circuit boards make it a valuable secondary re- source for recycle. On the other hand, if not properly handled, the components, such as heavy metals and brominated flame rctardants, are inevitable to result in toxic damages which are extremely harmful to human health and pernicious to the environment. However, so far as we know, there have not been idealistic methods to do such dis- posal. Mechanical methods, like disassembly, crush and separation, though introduced as the most convenient practices, are still recom- mended as pretreatment means. Some other few primary technologies for this purpose, such as metallurgical methods, supercritical water oxidation, biological method, incineration, pyrolysis and gasification have also had their own advantages and disadvantages. Among them, it has to be pointed out that the molten salt gasification of such waste circuits has much greater advantages in performance in preventing secondary pollution due to its absorptive power for the bromine and other heavy metals by molten salts. The use of such molten salt tech- nology in treating coal, biomass, organic waste, to name a few, has drawn vast attention in recent years. The experimental and theoretical research results in these areas also provide strong support for its ap- plication in disposing such waste printed circuits to be discarded. Nevertheless, since there is no reliable technology for large scale dis- pesal of waste printed circuit boards for the time being, and only molten salt gasification method has nice pollution-control behaviors, we do believe it is urgent to put more thoughts to improve on the gasi- fication process in molten salt reactor and optimize the device and am- plify its design for the sake of its industrialized application in the near future.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第1期80-84,共5页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51108264)
上海市教育委员会科研创新项目(12YZ107)
高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金联合资助项目(20103120120004)
关键词
环境工程学
废印刷线路板
回收
处置
熔盐
气化
environmental engineering
waste printed circuitboards
recycling
disposal
molten salt
gasification
