摘要
目的探讨天津市2010年麻疹发病的特点及高发原因,为消除麻疹提供参考。方法对天津市2010年的麻疹发病数据进行描述流行病学分析。结果天津市2010年麻疹发病呈现≤4岁和30～34岁发病高峰,发病率分别为125.05/10万和31.99/10万。在≤4岁病例中,以<1岁婴儿麻疹发病最多,发病率为502.09/10万。前9周发病以<1岁婴儿麻疹病例为多,第10周及以后以≥15岁的成人麻疹为主。全年共有324例8月龄～14岁儿童麻疹病例无含麻疹成份疫苗(Measles-containingVaccine,MCV)免疫史,未免疫原因中主要以临时禁忌(110例)和刚由外地来津(31例)为主。2010年外地到天津市因患麻疹就诊的病例数815例,是2009年的4.6倍;其中715例来自河北省,主要来自与天津市毗邻的沧州市(392例)和廊坊市(240例)。761例发病后到儿童医院就诊。本地病例中,发病前7～21d曾有医疗机构就诊史的697例,其中678例<1岁婴儿麻疹病例中,有392例发病前7～21d有医疗机构就诊史;其中323例是到儿童医院就诊。外地来津就诊病例的发病高峰要比天津市本地病例的发病高峰提前1个月。结论天津市2010年麻疹高发主要与大量传染源输入、医院感染和存在易感人群有关,应加强省际的联防联控,控制医院感染,提高易感人群MCV的接种率。
Objective To explore characteristic and reasons of measles high incidence in Tianjin municipal in 2010, and to provide reference for measles elimination. Methods Measles surveillance data and survey data were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results Two incidence peaks were observed among ≤ 4 age group and 30-34 age group in Tianjin municipal in 2010, and the incidence rate of ≤ 4 age group and 30-34 age group was 125.05/100,000 and 31.99/100,000 respectively. The incidence of infants below one year old was the highest among ≤ 4 age group, which was 502.09/100,000. Majority of measles cases were infants below one year old in the former nine weeks, and most of cases after the tenth week were in the group of ≥ 15 years old. 324 cases aged from 8 months to 14 years who didn＇t vaccinate measles-containing vaccine （MCV）. Among 110 cases, the main unvaccination reason are temporary contraindication, 31 cases of unvaccination reason is stay time in Tianjin municipal less than 3 months 815 measles cases coming from other cities went to hospital in Tianjin municipal, which was 4.6 times of the number in 2009. 392 and 240 cases were from Cangzhou and Langfang among 715 cases from Hebei province. 761 cases went to children＇s hospital in Tianjin municipal, but 697 local cases had hospital visiting history 7-21 days before they got measles. 392 of 678 infants cases had hospital visiting history 7-21 days before they got measles, and 323 cases went to children＇s hospital in Tianjin municipal. Peak period of measles cases from other cities to Tianjin municipal was earlier one month than that of the local cases. Conclusions High measles incidence of Tianjin municipal in 2010 was associated with a great deal of source of infection importation, hospital infection and the existence of susceptible population. Joint prevention and control between different provinces should be strengthened, and some measures such as controlling hospital infection and improving MCV inoculation rate of susceptible population must should be taken.
出处
《中国疫苗和免疫》
CAS
2013年第1期35-38,78,共5页
Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization
关键词
麻疹
易感人群
传染源输入
医院感染
监测
Measles
Susceptible population
Source of infection importation
Hospital infection Surveillance
