摘要
将沼液农田回用是有机废弃物资源化与循环利用的重要途径。以7年生蜜露桃树为供试材料,通过连续2年牛粪沼液和水葫芦沼液的果园田间施用试验,研究等氮量条件下不同比例沼液与化肥配施对水蜜桃果实大小、单重、产量和果实品质及土壤矿质氮积累状况的影响。结果表明,1)水葫芦沼液、牛粪沼液和化肥配施可提高水蜜桃的产量与品质,在水葫芦沼液25%配施比例、牛粪沼液50%配施比例下产量及果实的可溶性固形物、糖分含量分别为最高,水葫芦及牛粪沼液中的水分含量是影响桃树产量和品质的关键因子,其适宜用量为200kg/(plant.a);2)各施肥处理土壤NH4+含量随土壤深度增加呈递减趋势;沼液比例过高(75%和100%)会导致土壤硝酸盐在表层和近地下水层的累积,比例低下则硝酸盐累积不明显;习惯施肥(过量施肥)和低比例沼液(相应的高化肥比例)处理硝酸盐主要累积于犁底层之上;3)连续2年在沼液灌溉条件下,25%的水葫芦沼液、50%的牛粪沼液配施比例处理其近地下水层土壤硝酸盐含量均低于15 mg/kg,处于安全可控范围,但在该地区(高地下水水位)进行长期沼液灌溉尚需进一步观测和评价。
The intensive crop production and livestock breeding in China are always accompanied by the production of large amounts of manure and plant residues, not properly managed by farmers, resulting in a considerable threat to environment. Anaerobic digestion has been demonstrated to be an attractive treatment that provides several benefits to improvement of biomass energy and development of recycling agriculture. A two-year field experiment was carried out to study the effects of combined application of anaerobically digested dairy slurry （DS） and water hyacinth slurry （WHS） with chemical fertilizers on fruit production and quality of peach （Prunus persica L. ） and accumulation of soil mineral nitrogen. The results show that the combined applications of biogas slurry with chemical fertilizers improve the yield and quality of peach. In the condition of equal amount of nitrogen application, the treatment of 25% N substituted by WHS and 75% N substituted by DS shows the highest contents of soluble solids and sugar. And the rational application rates of the DS and WHS were 200 kg/plant annually. The soil NH4 concentrations are decreased with the increase of soil depth. Over-substitution of N by biogas slurry （75% and 100% ） can cause nitrate accumulation in surface and subsurface soil layers, while the low rate substitutions of N have no significant impacts on nitrate accumulation in surface and subsurface layers. Nitrate mainly is accumulated in the plough pan for the treatments of traditional fertilization （excessive fertilization） and the low N substitution rates by biogas slurry. The nitrate concentrations in subsurface soil layer treated by 25% N substitution by WHS and 50% N substitution by DS are in the safety range of 15 mg/kg, however, further observation and evaluation on the nitrate accumulation in soils will be necessary if long term fertilization by biogas slurry is implemented in the region.
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第2期379-386,共8页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家科技支撑计划(2009BAC63B-02)
国际合作项目(IPNI-Jiangsu-10)资助
关键词
水蜜桃
沼液
产量
品质
矿质氮
Prunus persica L.
biogas slurry
yield
quality
mineral nitrogen
