摘要
近年来,FCR作为一种新型的国际贸易单据,在中国对外贸易中逐渐开始使用。与提单相比较,FCR具有其独特的性质及功能,它只是接收货物的一种收据,不具备物权凭证的效力,不具有可转让性,货物只能交给FCR载明的记名收货人。但只要其符合一定条件,FCR可构成"海上货物运输合同的证明",承运人须依FCR履行其运输合同义务。FCR签发人与出口商的关系可能表现为货运代理合同关系,也可能为货物运输合同关系,甚至无任何合同关系,他们之间的关系不同,FCR签发人的责任就不同。信用证付款方式下使用FCR时,出口商接受FCR可能存在无法控制货款和货物运输权等风险,对此出口商须采取相应的因应策略来维护自身权益。
As a new type of international trade document, FCR has been gradually put into use these years. Compared with B/L, FCR has its own unique characteristics and functions： it only serves as the receipt of taking over the goods without the legal force of document of title or negotiability. The goods can only be delivered to the named consignee specified in FCR. However, FCR can constitute the ＂evidence of the contract of carriage of goods by sea＂ as long as it complies with certain conditions, and the carrier shall fulfill its carriage con- tract obligations in accordance with the specifications under FCR. There may ex- ist freight contract relation, carriage contract relation or no relation between the FCR issuer and exporter. The obligations of FCR issuer vary with the different relations. Using FCR under the payment of L/C, the exporter, if accepting FCR, may take the risks of failing to control the payment of goods or transport authori- ty. Therefore, the exporter shall take relevant countermeasures to maintain its own rights and interests.
出处
《国际贸易问题》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第3期143-155,共13页
Journal of International Trade
基金
对外经济贸易大学211工程三期项目"国际贸易运输惯例的发展趋势及其在中国的应用"(立项号:73200020)的阶段性成果之一
