摘要
目的了解焦作市地方性氟中毒病区改水工程运转情况,掌握焦作市地方性氟中毒病情变化,为调整防治策略提供科学依据。方法按照《全国饮水型地方性氟中毒监测方案(试行)》,对全市589个病区村饮水现状和改水工程情况采用一村一表进行调查;每年随机抽取10个武陟县改水工程进行运行情况调查,每处工程采集1份末梢水水样测定水氟浓度;随机抽取5个病区村作为监测村,开展一般情况、8～12岁学生氟斑牙、25岁以上氟骨症病情监测;水样采集与保存采用生活饮用水标准检验方法(GB/T 5750.2-2006);水氟浓度检测采用生活饮用水标准检验方法(GB/T 5750.5-2006)测定;氟斑牙诊断采用Dean’s法;临床和X线氟骨症诊断采用地方性氟骨症诊断标准(WS 192-2008)。结果病区村改水率80.48%,受益人口达63.70万人;监测改水工程30个,全部正常运转,水氟含量合格工程25个,合格率为83.33%;监测村8～12岁儿童氟斑牙检出呈下降趋势,但只有1个村检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.92,P<0.05);检出氟骨症病例40人,检出率为26.67%,均为轻度病例。结论焦作市饮水型地方性氟中毒病区村改水进度加快,要加强卫生与水利部门协作,保证病区改水工程建一处、合格一处;该市8～12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率下降不明显,应继续加强监测,关注病情动态变化,及时调整防治策略和措施,评估防治效果。
[ Objective] To understand the operation condition of water improvement projects in endemic fluorosis areas of Jiaozuo City, investigate the changes of endemic fluorosis in Jiaozuo City, and provide the scientific basis for adjusting the control strate- gies. [ Methods] According to the National monitoring program of drinking water-born endemic fluorosis （ trial}, the status of drink- ing water and water improvement project in 589 fuorosis villages were investigated by questionnaire. 10 water improvement projects were randomly sampled from Wuzhi County every year, so as to survey the operation condition. One water sample was collected from each project to detect the concentration of fluoride in drinking water. 5 fluorosis villages were randomly sampled, in order to monitor the general condition, incidence rate of dental fluorosis among students aged 8-12 years old and skeletal fluorosis among people over 25 years old. The collection and preservation of water samples were conducted based on the Standard examination methods for drink- ing water （ GB/T 5750.2 -2006 ）. The concentration of fuoride in drinking water was tested according to the Standard examination methods for drinking water （ GB/T 5750.5 -2006 }. Dean＇s method was applied on the diagnosis of dental fluorosis. The clinical and x-ray diagnosis for skeletal fluorosis was based on the Diagnosis standard of endemic fuorosis （WS 192-2008 ）. [ Results] The rate of water improvement in fluorosis villages was 80.48%, and 637 000 people have benefited from it. 30 water improvement projects were monitored, all of them run well. The concentrations of fluoride in 25 projects were qualified with the qualified rate of 83.33%. The detection rate of dental fluorosis among children aged 8-12 years showed a downward trend, but the difference in de- tection rate was statistically significant in only one village （ χ22 = 9.92 ,P 〈 0.05 ）. 40 cases of skeletal fluorosis were found with the detection rate of 26.67%, and all were mild cases. [ Conclusion] The progress of water improvement projects in drinking water- born endemic fluorosis areas in Jiaozuo City should be accelerated. The cooperation of health department and water resources de- partment need to be strengthened, and it is important to ensure the qualified rate of water improvement projects. The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis among children aged 8-12 years had an unobvious decrease, so it is necessary to improve the monitoring, pay at- tention to changes of fluorosis, promptly adjust the control strategies, and evaluate the prevention effect.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2013年第7期798-800,共3页
Occupation and Health
关键词
饮水型地方性氟中毒
氟斑牙
氟骨症
监测
Drinking water-born endemic fluorosis
Dental fluorosis
Skeletal fluorosis
Monitoring
