摘要
目的:探测老年人稳定和闪烁视觉启动方式下的时间知觉特点。方法:从某高校退休职工中选取65～79岁老年被试20名,从该校本科生中选取18～22岁青年被试20名作为对照。两组被试完成时间等分任务,分别以7 Hz闪烁方式或稳定方式呈现视觉启动刺激,以400 ms和1600 ms为标准短时间和标准长时间,请被试判断启动刺激后的靶刺激的时长更接近标准短时间还是长时间,靶刺激的时长为400ms、600 ms、800 ms、1000 ms、1200 ms、1400 ms和1600 ms 7种之一。根据被试的判断计算其长反应比例。结果:被试的长反应比例随7种呈现时间的增加而增加[0.02(400 ms)vs.0.09(600 ms)vs.0.32(800 ms)vs.0.65(1000 ms)vs.0.87(1200 ms)vs.0.95(1400 ms)vs.0.96(1600 ms),P<0.001],且被试在闪烁启动下的长反应比例高于稳定方式(0.59 vs.0.52,P<0.001),老年组在两种呈现方式下的5个非标准时长中的长反应比例差别均大于青年组(600 ms,0.14 vs.0.06;800 ms,0.49 vs.0.22;1000 ms,0.78 vs.0.61;1200 ms,0.93 vs.0.86;1400 ms,0.97 vs.0.96;P<0.05)。结论:老年人在闪烁启动下的时间知觉高于稳定启动条件下的时间知觉,且老年人的时间知觉更易受到个体唤醒水平的影响,表现出比青年人更大的变异性。
Objective： To explore the feature of time perception under constant or flicker visual primes in elderly. Methods：Twenty old people aged 65 -79 years and 20 young people aged 18 -22 years were involved and took part in a temporal bisection task. A 5-s white circle of 7 Hz visual flicker or constant stimulus was present to modulate the arousal level, 400 ms and 1600 ms was designed as standard short and long duration. The aged and young subjects were required to perceive the duration of a blue circle as a target stimulus within 400 ms to 1600 ms. Results： The proportions of ＂long＂ response increased with the 7 duration of stimuli [0. 02 （400 ms） vs. 0. 09 （600 ms） vs. 0. 32 （800 ms） vs. 0. 65 （1000 ms） vs. 0. 87 （1200 ms） vs. 0. 95 （1400 ms） vs. 0. 96 （1600 ms）, P 〈0. 001], and it was longer in the condition of visual flicker than in the constant one （0. 59 vs. 0. 52, P 〈0. 001）, but the aged group showed a larger difference between two prime conditions than young ones did in the middle five durations （600 ms, 0. 14 vs. 0.06; 800 ms, 0.49 vs. 0. 22; 1000 ms, 0. 78 vs. 0. 61; 1200 ms, 0.93 vs. 0. 86; 1400 ms, 0.97 vs. 0. 96; P 〈0.05）. Conclusion： It suggests that the time perception of elderly are higher in the flicker prime condition than in the constant one, and it may be more influenced by individual arousal level, and show more variable in the time perception task.
出处
《中国心理卫生杂志》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第4期314-318,共5页
Chinese Mental Health Journal
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31171076
30800297)
关键词
老年人
时间等分任务
时间知觉
闪烁刺激
对照试验
aged
temporal bisection task
time perception
visual flicker
controlled trials
