摘要
金沙江流域从上游到下游,由于人类干扰程度差异大,景观特征变化明显。GIS的数据采集与空间分析功能为不同流域段景观特征的对比研究提供了很好的技术支撑。以TM遥感影像为数据源,在完成土地利用分类后,将该流域分为上、中、下游等三个流域段,运用ArcGIS的图层叠置、空间统计空间分析功能,对比分析各流域段的景观特征,以及景观特征与人口密度、露天采矿的空间分布关系。研究得出:①流域内以林地、灌草丛、旱地栽培植被为主,但各区段差异明显,上游地区林地分布较为密集,中游地区则分布有大量的灌丛,下游地区则以旱地栽培植被为主;②流域的景观破碎度在空间上的分布规律为:中游>下游>上游;③流域内景观破碎度在空间分布上与人口密度、露天矿区面积成正比,其中,流域中游地区人口密度较大、露天矿区最多,也是景观最为破碎,斑块最为复杂的地区。
Due to human interference degree of big differences, its landscape features change obviously from up- per to lower in Jinsha river watershed. With data acquisition and spatial analysis function, GIS provides a good technical support for comparative analysis of landscape characteristics for different section in the watershed. TM re- mote sensing image was used for land -use type classification. And based on it, overlap function and spatial sta- tistics of ArcGIS were taken to study the relation between landscape characteristics and population density ＆ area of open -pit mines, by dividing the basin into three sections （i. e. upstream, midstream and downstream） . Study conclusions： ①major vegetation within the basin includes forestry, shrub grassland and xerophytic cultivated plants and the three sections significantly differ from each other： forestry is densely distributed in upper section, shrub in middle section and xerophytic cultivated plants in lower section; ②the spatial distribution rule of land- scape fragmentation level is： middle section 〉 lower section 〉 upper section; ③the spatial distribution landscape fragmentation level is in proportion to population density ＆ area of open - pit mines： middle section has the high- est population density and the largest number of open - pit mines, where the landscape is most seriously divided and patches are the most complicated; ④based on the previous conclusions, proposals for management, protec- tion and control in different sections are provided： middle section - key zone of ecological environment manage- ment, upper section - key zone of ecological environment protection, lower section - key zone of ecological en- vironment restoration and control.
出处
《云南地理环境研究》
2013年第1期9-13,共5页
Yunnan Geographic Environment Research
基金
国家自然科学基金"金沙江流域不同地理环境下露天采矿生态负效应差异性研究"(40901294)
关键词
景观格局
地理信息系统
金沙江流域
人类干扰
landscape pattern, geographical information system （GIS）, Jinsha River watershed, humane dis-turbance
