摘要
【目的】研究施氮对水稻茎秆抗倒伏能力的影响及其与茎秆形态性状和力学性状的关系及其作用机理,为水稻抗倒高产栽培调控提供依据。【方法】以常规籼稻银晶软占为材料,设置4个氮水平,进行大田试验,研究施氮对水稻茎秆基部节间形态和力学性状的影响及其与倒伏指数的关系。【结果】施氮影响水稻茎秆的形态和力学性状。随着施氮量的增加,株高增加,重心上移,基部节间长度增加,节间充实度下降,抗折力和弹性模量减小,茎秆倒伏指数增加,抗倒伏能力下降。倒伏指数与株高、重心高度及基部节间长度呈正相关,而与基部节间充实度、抗折力及弹性模量呈负相关,且相关系数大多达到显著或极显著水平。倒伏指数与单位面积有效穗数和每穗总粒数呈显著或极显著正相关,而与结实率和千粒重呈负相关趋势。【结论】株高、重心高度、基部节间长度和基部节间充实度等形态性状,以及弯曲力矩、抗折力等力学性状,是影响水稻茎秆抗倒伏能力的主要因素。
[Objective] Lodging is one of the important constraints to high yield and stable production of rice. This study investigated the effects of nitrogen application on stem lodging resistance and its relationship with stem morphological and mechanical traits. The mechanisms of stem lodging resistance were explored. Results of the study will provide a theoretical basis for lodging resistance and high yield cultivation of rice. [Method] An indica rice cv. Yinjinruanzhan was grown in field experiments conducted with four nitrogen levels at Guangzhou. Lodging index and morphological and mechanical traits of basal culms were measured. [Result] As nitrogen input increased, plant height, gravity center height and basal internode length increased, basal intemode plumpness declined, breaking resistance and elastic modulus decreased, lodging index increased and lodging resistance declined. Nitrogen treatment affected stem morphological and mechanical traits of rice. Lodging index was positively correlated with plant height, gravity center height and basal intemode length, while negatively correlated with basal intemode plumpness, breaking resistance and elastic modulus, and mostly significant. Positive correlation was found between lodging index and spikelet number per m2, while the correlation between lodging index and filled grain rate and 1000-grain weight were negative. [Conclusion] Nitrogen application affects stem lodging resistance through morphological traits such as plant height, gravity center height, basal intemode length, basal internode plumpness, and mechanical traits such as stem bending moment and breaking resistance.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第7期1323-1334,共12页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(30971738)
国家公益性行业科研专项(201103003)
关键词
倒伏指数
施氮
形态性状
力学性状
水稻
lodging index
nitrogen application
morphological traits
mechanical traits
rice
