摘要
利用我国南方冬闲田种植燕麦,通过研究干草产量、营养价值、青贮发酵品质及对土壤肥力的影响,为燕麦的青贮加工以及我国华南地区冬闲田的进一步开发利用提供理论依据。试验设对照组A(休闲区,不施肥)、对照组B(休闲区,施肥)、黑燕麦组和黄燕麦组4个处理。结果表明,2个燕麦品种间干草产量、粗蛋白产量和相对饲料价值均没有显著差异(P>0.05)。在自然条件下,燕麦青贮料pH值较高(>4.20),同时产生较多丁酸和氨态氮,青贮发酵品质不佳;添加乳酸菌能够显著增加乳酸含量,降低pH值、丁酸和氨态氮含量(P<0.05),显著提高燕麦青贮料发酵品质。冬闲田种植燕麦,能显著提高土壤中有机质、全氮和全钾的含量,种植黄燕麦还能显著提高土壤中速效磷含量(P<0.05),比对照组A、对照组B和黑燕麦组分别提高了36.66%,31.75%和18.03%;种植黑燕麦可以显著提高土壤中蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的活性(P<0.05),相对于对照组A分别提高了15.56%和26.21%,相对于对照组B分别提高了11.83%和14.71%。综上所述,利用冬闲田种植燕麦潜力巨大,不仅能够生产大量牧草作为青贮原料,还能在一定程度上促使冬闲田土壤常规养分和酶活性的提高,对冬季裸露闲田的土壤生态环境具有重要作用。
The yields,nutrient value and fermentation quality of two oat（Avena sativa） varieties and their effects on soil fertility of winter fallow fields were investigated to provide a theoretical basis for ensiling and processing of oats and further development of winter paddy fields.The four treatments of control A（fallow fields,no fertilizer）,control B（fallow fields,with fertilizer）,black oat treatment and yellow oat treatment were made in triplicate.There was no significant difference in hay yields,crude protein yields or relative feed value between the two oat varieties（P0.05）.Neither of the two oat varieties achieved a good fermentation quality under natural silage conditions,while adding lactic acid bacteria significantly increased the content of lactic acid and reduced pH,contents of butyric acid and ammonia-nitrogen of silages（P0.05）,thus markedly improving the fermentation quality.The contents of organic matter,total N and total K in winter paddy soil were significantly increased by cultivating oats.Planting yellow oats increased the contents of soil available P（P0.05） to 36.66%,31.75% and 18.03% higher than that of control A,control B and the black oat group,respectively.Planting black oat significantly（P0.05） increased the activities of soil invertase and catalase which were 15.56% and 26.21% higher than that of control A,and 11.83% and 14.71% higher than that of control B.In summary,there is a great potential for cultivating oat in winter fallow fields,to not only produce large amounts of forages as silage material,but also to improve the soil nutrient and enzyme activities.
出处
《草业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第2期47-53,共7页
Acta Prataculturae Sinica
基金
十二五国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD18B02)
现代农业产业技术体系建设专向资金资助
关键词
冬闲田
燕麦
青贮品质
土壤肥力
winter fallow fields
oat
fermentation quality
soil fertility
