摘要
本文利用同步辐射 (软X射线 )辐照 3个冬小麦品种 ,从形态学、细胞学上研究了M1 代生物损伤和M2 代诱变效应。结果表明 :同步辐射抑制了M1 代幼苗、植株的生长 ,引起育性、结实率下降 ,M1 代的生理损伤在幼苗生长早期大于γ射线 ,在生育晚期则小于γ射线。细胞学研究表明 ,同步辐射抑制了细胞有丝分裂 ,明显地降低了细胞分裂指数 ,引起了细胞染色体的结构损伤 ,染色体畸变类型不同于γ射线 ,造成的生物损伤大于γ射线。同步辐射诱发了M2 代较宽的突变谱 ,出现了多种有益性状变异 ,适宜的诱变剂量范围为 2 0 0～ 2 5 0Gy ,小于γ射线 (2 5 0～ 35 0Gy)。
The mutagenic effectics of synchronous radiation (SR, soft x\|ray) on biology of three winter wheat varieties were studied. The results were as follows. The physiological damage of M 1 generation by SR was different from that by γ ray. The SR's damage degree was greater than γ ray's in the early period of seedling growth but smaller in the late period. SR damaged the structure of the chromosome of the cells, the type and rate of cells with chromosome aberration of seedlings root tip cells by SR were not as the same as that by γ ray. The differences of total rate of aberration cells between two rays were not obvious, but the rate of aberration cells by SR was lower at metaphase and higher at nanphase than those of γ ray. Higher mutation frequencies and wider mutational spectrum were observed in M 2 generation by SR than by γ ray. The mutation frequency of qualitative and beneficial character and variation coefficient of quantitative character induced by SR were greater than those of γ ray. The range of appropriate doses with SR was 200～250Gy, smaller than that of γ ray (250～350) in the experiment.
出处
《核农学报》
CSCD
2000年第4期193-199,共7页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
家自然基金项目! (196 5 5 0 0 1)
国家攻关项目 !(96 B12 0 2 0 1)
关键词
同步辐射
冬小麦
生物学效应
synchronous radiation (soft X ray)
winter wheat
biological effects
