摘要
针对土地生态系统的结构、功能、效应和问题,从土地管理与调控的角度,构建土地生态基础性、结构性、胁迫性、效益性指标。通过信息挖掘、熵值赋权和空间叠加计算,以行政村为评价单元,对金坛市土地生态状况进行综合评价。研究区土地生态状况总体趋势:以林地为主的西部丘陵山地好于以农业种植为主的中东部平原地区;农村地区好于城市发展区,呈现出以主城区为中心向四周辐射递增的格局。土地生态综合分值最高的是西部的山蓬村(其分值为0.646);最低的是电胜村(其分值为0.176)。进一步对各指标进行聚类,将研究区划分为5类生态区;并以各指标为自变量、生态分值为应变量进行逐步回归分析,分析出各类生态区主要存在的生态问题。最后,结合研究区地形和生态规划,提出西部丘陵山地生态控制区、中东部平原城乡生态协调区和中心城区平原生态优化区三大生态管护区,该研究为政府决策提供支持和依据。
With the constant intensification of land use and the rapid expansion of construction land, people are confronted with a series of ecological problems such as soil pollution, land quality degradation, extreme climate, geological disaster, etc. which will cast a serious threat to the sustainable development of human beings. In view of scientific land management and regulation, we should not only emphasize land quantity and quality, but also pay attention to its ecology. Due to relative lack of comprehensive land ecological assessments focusing on land ecological status quo, especially in developed regions, we chose Jiantan as a typical city with a highly developed economy, and made an ecological assessment of land use in 2011 based on 3S technology and statistical analysis. First, the land ecological survey and assessment system was established including background layer, structure layer, stress layer, and efficiency layer aiming at studying the land ecosystem structure, function, effect, and problems. Then according to the index system, we used the Kriging model, linear spectrum decomposition model, landscape analysis model, GIS spatial statistical and calculation modeler, and field investigation to get data of all 26 indexes. The main processing software includes ArcGIS9.3, Envi4.5, Fragstats 3.3, SPSS13.0. After that, taking administrative villages as an independent unit, we assessed Jintan’s land ecology through information mining, entropy weight methods, and overlay calculation. The result shows land ecology in the west was better than that in the east and became continuously better from the urban center to all around. Furthermore, we divided the study area into five ecotypes via cluster analysis of the 26 indexes; using a stepwise regression method, we figured out key controlling factors of each ecotype by taking the26 indexes as independent variables and the ecology score as the dependent variable. Finally, taking geomorphology into account, we put forward three ecological management zones： the western hills mountain ecological control zone, the east-central plain urban and rural ecological coordination area, and the center city plain ecological optimization area. In the western hills mountain ecological control zone, the land ecological background is good, its stress is low and its efficiency is high. Thus, the ecological score of land use is generally high. The east-central plain urban and rural ecological coordination area mostly covers the ecological buffer zone in ecology planning of Jintan and its ecological status quo is medium. In the center city plain ecological optimization area, the ecological score of land use is low; we should pay more attention to improve the ecology in this area as its land ecological background is not good and land use structure is not efficient. Moreover, its ecological stress is quite high. In this way, we diagnosed the main ecological problems in each zone that would provide a solid basis for government decision-making and land management.
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第8期249-257,F0002,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
长三角经济发达地区土地生态状况调查与评估(DCPJ121504-01)
江苏省自然科学基金(BK2012502)
