摘要
三级阶梯地貌和季风气候决定了干旱在我国长期存在。从古至今,干旱灾害一直是我国的心腹之患,曾为我国带来过无数次深重的灾难,并且引发过社会动荡和朝代更迭。新中国成立后,党和政府大力加强水利工程建设,60多年来虽然因旱导致人口死亡的现象不再发生,但干旱依然对我国粮食生产构成严重威胁,同时城市干旱缺水和水生态退化现象也日益突显。2000年大旱后,我国开始重新审视过去干旱灾害管理中存在的问题,从2003年起,干旱灾害管理开始由过去单一的农业抗旱和被动抗旱向全面抗旱和主动抗旱转变。10年来,我国的干旱灾害管理取得了显著的效果,农业成灾、城市缺水、因旱农村饮水困难和生态退化等都得到了有效控制。未来,我国的干旱灾害管理应向完善措施体系、增强科学化水平、实现减灾社会化、增强公众意识、做好大灾防备等干旱灾害的风险管理转变。
Because of special geomorphology and monsoon climate, drought will persist in China for a long time. Since ancient times, frequent drought disasters have brought about innumerable severe social and economical impacts, even social turbulences. Since the founding of New China, Chinese government has made a great effort to strengthen the hydraulic engineering construction. Although no reported deaths caused by drought disaster have occurred again since then, drought still pose grave threats to food production, water security and ecological health. After the severe drought occurred in 2000, our government began to re-examine the problems existing in the drought management. Moreover, our government has made a strategic shift in drought management since 2003, from single drought management in agriculture to comprehensive drought management, and from reactive to proactive drought management. In the recent ten years, drought management in China has made remarkable achievements, characterized by agriculture drought, urban water shortage, drought difficulty in drinking water and ecological degradation are under effective control gradually. In the future, drought management in China should make more efforts towards drought risk management through a series of actions, including improving drought mitigation measures, enhancing scientific management capacity, actualizing socialization, strengthening public education and making better preparedness for extreme drought.
出处
《中国水利》
2013年第8期7-13,共7页
China Water Resources
基金
中国干旱灾害风险管理战略及实施建议(中国水科院科研专项
项目编号:防集1225)
干旱预警方法及应急响应关键技术研究(水利部公益性行业科研专项
项目编号:200901046)
关键词
干旱
演变特点
时空分布特征
灾害管理
思路转变
drought
evolution characteristics
spatial and temporal features
drought disaster
new idea
