摘要
通过3年田间定位试验,研究不同氮肥管理方式对春玉米产量、地上部吸氮量和收获指数的影响。结果显示,连续3年不同形态氮肥(尿素、硫铵和硝钙)、氮肥运筹(全部底肥即"一炮轰"和基追比1∶2)、传统施氮量(190kg.hm-2)、减氮20%(150kg.hm-2)处理条件下,春玉米籽粒产量(10612～11906kg.hm-2)、收获指数(0.46～0.50)和地上部吸氮量(192～214kg.hm-2)没有显著差异;施肥与不施肥、不施氮肥处理相比,产量增加显著。通过农艺性状对玉米产量的通径分析表明,穗粒数和行粒数通过直接和间接作用对产量起重要影响,而不同氮肥处理对百粒重影响不明显,百粒重对产量的直接和间接作用也没有达到显著水平。玉米收获后,除不施肥处理外,不同氮肥处理间0～100cm土壤剖面的硝态氮含量没有显著差异。说明在正常年份,施氮150kg.hm-2与磷钾配施,可以达到吉林春玉米高产的目的。
Abstract：Three-year continuous field experiment was carried out to study the effect of N management （different N fertilizer and different application methods） on spring maize yield and agronomic characters. Results showed that there were no significant differences of yield （ 10612 - 11906kg· hm ^（-2）） , grain harvest index （0.46 - 0. 50） and N uptake of biomass （192 -214kg· hm^（-2）） among different N application treatments. While grain yields, harvest indices and biomass N uptakes under different N fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than those of no fertilizer treatments including no N fertilizer treatment. According to path analysis, three agronomic characters namely number of grains per ear and grain numbers per row had significantly direct or indirect effects on grain yield. While different N treatments had no significant effect on hundred-grain weight, therefore, hundred-grain weight had no significant effects on grain yield. After harvest, soil nitrate concentration in 0 - 100 cm profile was similar among different N treatments except for no fertilizer treatment. These findings indicated that N application rate of 150kg·hm^（-2）（combined with P and K fertilizer） was enough for high spring maize yield in Jilin area in normal year.
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第4期509-514,共6页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903011
201103007)
关键词
春玉米
氮肥
运筹
产量
农艺性状
Spring maize
Nitrogen fertilizer
N management
Yield
Agronomic character
