1Ames C. Classrooms goals, structures, and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1992,84,261- 171. 1115.
2Elliot, A. J., & Church, M. A. A hierarchical model of ap proach and avoidance achievement motivation. Journal of Person ality and Social Psychology ,1997,72,218-232.
3Linnenbrick E A, Pintrich P A. Multiple pathways to learning and achievement : The role of goal orientation in fostering adaptive motivation, affect, and cognition , In: Schnnk ( Ed s. ). Intrinsic ind Extrinsic Motivation. SanDiogo: Academic Press, 2000.
4Kanfer, tk. Motivation theory and industrial and organizational psychology. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Hand book of industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed..). Palo Alto. CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1999 ,Vol. 1,75- 170.
5陈永进.大学生未来时间洞察力的目标定向研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2006.
6Butler, Ik. Effects of task- and ego-achievement goals on informa tion-seeking during task engagement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1993,65,18- 31.
7VandeWalle, D., & Cummings, L. L. A test of the influence of goal orientation on the feedback-seeking process. Journal of Ap plied Psychology, 1997,82,390- 400.
8D. F. Cellar, A. F. Stuhlmacher, S. K. Young , D. M. Fisher, C. K. Adair, S. Haynes, E. TwicheU ,K. A. Arnold, K. 1Koyer, B. L. Denning, D. Riester. Trait Goal Orientation, Self-Regulation, and performance: A Meta-Analysis. J Bus Psychol, 2011, 26,467- 483.
9Beaubien, J. M.,&Payee, S. C. Individual goal orientation as a pre dictor of job and academic performance : A meta-analytic review and integration. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Soci ety for Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Atlanta, G.A. 1999, April. 3.
10VandeWalle, D., Ganesan, S., ChaUagaUa, G. N., & Brown, S. P. An integrated model of feedback-seeking behavior: Disposition,context, and cognition. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2000,85, 996- 1093.
4Pintrich P R.The role of goal orientation in self-regulated learning.In:Mboekaerts M,Pintrich P R,Zeidner M ed.Handkook of selfregulation:theory,research,and applications[M].San Diego,CA:Academic Press,2000:451-502.
5Elliot A J,Mc Gregor A H.A 2×2 achievement goal framework[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2001,80(6):501-519.
6Bradshaw A.Defining‘competency’in nursing(Part I):a policy review[J].Journal of Clinical Nursing,1997,6(5):347-354.
