摘要
以功能性状为基础的方法可以用来探讨植物群落中功能性状如何响应环境并揭示植物生态策略的潜在驱动力,但有关功能性状与环境因子之间的关系随植物群落演替变化的研究仍然匮乏。作者以海南岛热带低地雨林刀耕火种弃耕后处于不同演替阶段的次生林(包括弃耕后恢复15年、30年及60年的次生林)和老龄林为对象,通过群落学调查和对木本植物的功能性状及样地环境因子的测定,分析了群落水平植物功能性状与环境因子关系随演替阶段的变化规律。结果表明,随着演替的进行,林冠开阔度、土壤养分、比叶面积、叶片氮含量、叶片磷含量和叶片总有机碳含量逐渐降低,叶片干物质含量、木材密度、潜在最大高度逐渐升高,而土壤水分和叶片钾含量变化不大。多元逐步回归分析表明,影响群落水平植物功能性状的主要环境因子随演替阶段而发生显著的变化,在15年、30年和60年的次生林及老龄林中,对群落水平植物功能性状影响最大的环境因子依次为土壤有机质和pH值、林冠开阔度和土壤总磷含量、土壤总钾和有效磷含量,以及土壤有机质含量和磷含量。同一功能性状在不同演替阶段受到不同环境因子的控制,同时各功能性状又能够对不同演替阶段所处的特殊环境产生一定的适应性。
We explored how plant functional traits respond to environmental factors and examined the underlying mechanism driving the ecological strategies of plant species in a community. Experiments were conducted at four randomly selected tropical lowland rainforests at different successional stages：15-, 30- and 60-year-old secondary forests and one old-growth forest, each in the Bawangling Nature Reserve of Hainan Island. A total of 200 plots （20 m×20 m） were sampled. Individuals of tree and shrub species with diameter at breast height （DBH） ≥1 cm were identified and both their functional traits and the environmental factors in each plot were measured. ANOVA showed that canopy openness, level of soil nutrients, specific leaf area, and content of total organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus within the leaf decreased at the community level during the successional process. Meanwhile, leaf dry matter content, wood density and potential maximum height increased. However, soil water content and leaf potassium content, changed non-significantly. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that environmental factors driving functional traits at the community level varied during the successional process. The key environmental factors were soil organic matter and pH value in the 15-year-old secondary forest; canopy openness and soil total phosphorus content in the 30-year-old secondary forest; available phosphorus and total potassium content of the soil in the 60-year-old secondary forest; and soil phosphorus content and organic matter content in the old-growth forest. Our results indicate that at different successional stages, the same functional traits respond to different environmental factors, enabling adaptation to specific environmental conditions.
出处
《生物多样性》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第3期278-287,共10页
Biodiversity Science
基金
"十二五"科技支撑项目(2012BAD22B0103)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFRIFEEP201103)
关键词
热带低地雨林
植物功能性状
次生演替
刀耕火种
环境因子
tropical lowland rainforest
plant functional traits
secondary succession
shifting cultivation
environmental factors
