摘要
于2008年对乌伦古湖开展了湖泊水质水量及水生物资源的综合调查,获取了湖泊水量与水质的基本数据。在此基础上,根据湖区气候变化以及人类活动的特征,将乌伦古湖的变化归纳为4个时期:1956年以前为第一个时期,湖泊基本处于自然演化状态,湖泊的水位波动主要受气候变化影响,乌伦古河为主要补给河流;第二个时期为1956年至1970年,人类活动强度快速增加期,流域开发耗水,入湖水量减少,湖泊水位持续下降;1970年到1995年为第三个时期,在此期间,人类活动除了流域开发耗水有所增加外,乌伦古湖的水位波动主要与人类在湖区开渠建坝等活动有关;第四个时期为1995年以来,湖泊变化相对稳定,水利工程运行平稳且气候较为适宜,湖泊变化转入稳定期。然而,近年来,由于气候和人类活动的影响,湖泊处于较强烈的不稳定阶段。
A comprehensive survey of water quality and quantity and aquatic biological resources was conducted in Ulungur Lake in 2008, and then, the basic data about water quality and quanti- ty were obtained. On this basis, a preliminary analysis was carried out on lake environmental change in the last 60 years. According to the changes of regional climate and human activity patterns, the Ulungur Lake environmental change can be divided into four periods. In the first period before 1956, Ulungur Lake was in the natural state with Ulungur River as the main supply, and its water fluctuation was controlled by the climate change. The second period was from 1956 to 1970 with the rapid increase in intensity of human activities. Because of the lake input amount reduction induced by water consumption of the drainage exploitation, there had been a steady decline in the lake water level. The period from 1970 to 1995 was the third stage in lake environmental change. Besides the water consumption in the drainage area exploitation, the water level fluctuation was also related to other human activities such as digging canals and building dams during this period of time. In the fourth period since 1995, because water conservancy projects ran smoothly and regional climate was suitable, the lake environmental change was relatively stable. Recently, the runoff of Ulungur River decreased rapidly and even had a zero flow due to the arid climate, which caused Ulungur Lake water to flow back into Jili Lake, and aggravated lake water environmental degeneration and catchment＇ s desertification. The results indicate, apart from the increase in river inflow, maintaining the lake water environment a stable state in the 1990s depends largely on scientific evaluation and optimizing regulation of industrial and agricultural water consumption at the present climate condition.
出处
《自然资源学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第5期844-853,共10页
Journal of Natural Resources
基金
中国科学院和科技部以及国家基金委联合资助(KZCX2-EW-308
2012CB956100
U1138301)
关键词
湖泊水位
湖泊水质
环境效应
乌伦古湖
干旱区
lake water level
water quality
environmental effects
Ulungur Lake
arid area
